3,111 research outputs found
Heating and thermal squeezing in parametrically-driven oscillators with added noise
In this paper we report a theoretical model based on Green functions, Floquet
theory and averaging techniques up to second order that describes the dynamics
of parametrically-driven oscillators with added thermal noise. Quantitative
estimates for heating and quadrature thermal noise squeezing near and below the
transition line of the first parametric instability zone of the oscillator are
given. Furthermore, we give an intuitive explanation as to why heating and
thermal squeezing occur. For small amplitudes of the parametric pump the
Floquet multipliers are complex conjugate of each other with a constant
magnitude. As the pump amplitude is increased past a threshold value in the
stable zone near the first parametric instability, the two Floquet multipliers
become real and have different magnitudes. This creates two different effective
dissipation rates (one smaller and the other larger than the real dissipation
rate) along the stable manifolds of the first-return Poincare map. We also show
that the statistical average of the input power due to thermal noise is
constant and independent of the pump amplitude and frequency. The combination
of these effects cause most of heating and thermal squeezing. Very good
agreement between analytical and numerical estimates of the thermal
fluctuations is achieved.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. E, 29 pages, 12 figures. arXiv admin note:
substantial text overlap with arXiv:1108.484
A metaphor for adiabatic evolution to symmetry
In this paper we study a Hamiltonian system with a spatially asymmetric
potential. We are interested in the effects on the dynamics when the potential
becomes symmetric slowly in time. We focus on a highly simplified non-trivial
model problem (a metaphor) to be able to pursue explicit calculations as far as
possible. Using the techniques of averaging and adiabatic invariants, we are
able to study all bounded solutions, which reveals significant asymmetric
dynamics even when the asymmetric contributions to the potential have become
negligibly small.Comment: 27 pages, LaTeX 2e, 8 figures include
\u3ci\u3eCivic Hospital, Emergency Ward\u3c/i\u3e / \u3ci\u3eReluctant Spring\u3c/i\u3e
Civic Hospital, Emergency Ward: In the waiting room my wife rests her pain on my shoulder; the broken bones are hidden below the surface of her skin. Reluctant Spring: This spring the birds fly low above the trees; their new green skin not yet able to hide the bones of branches
Complex Behavior in Simple Models of Biological Coevolution
We explore the complex dynamical behavior of simple predator-prey models of
biological coevolution that account for interspecific and intraspecific
competition for resources, as well as adaptive foraging behavior. In long
kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of these models we find quite robust 1/f-like
noise in species diversity and population sizes, as well as power-law
distributions for the lifetimes of individual species and the durations of
quiet periods of relative evolutionary stasis. In one model, based on the
Holling Type II functional response, adaptive foraging produces a metastable
low-diversity phase and a stable high-diversity phase.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Bullying and Victimization in Elementary Schools: A Comparison of Bullies, Victims, Bully/Victims, and Uninvolved Preadolescents
Research on bullying and victimization largely rests on univariate analyses and on reports from a single informant. Researchers may thus know too little about the simultaneous effects of various independent and dependent variables, and their research may be biased by shared method variance. The database for
this Dutch study was large (N = 1,065) and rich enough to allow multivariate analysis and multisource information. In addition, the effect of familial vulnerability for internalizing and externalizing disorders was studied. Gender, aggressiveness, isolation, and dislikability were most strongly related to bullying and victimization. Among the many findings that deviated from or enhanced the univariate knowledge
base were that not only victims and bully/victims but bullies as well were disliked and that parenting was unrelated to bullying and victimization once other factors were controlled.
Which better predicts conduct problems? The relationship of trajectories of Conduct Problems, with ODD and ADHD Symptoms from childhood into adolescence
Background: To assess the co-occurrence in deviant trajectories of parent-rated symptoms of conduct disorder (CD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from age 4 to 18 years old in a general population sample of Dutch children. Methods: Developmental trajectories of CD, ODD, and ADHD were estimatedin a sample of 1,016 males and 1,060 females. Children's disruptive problem behaviors were rated at 5 time-points. The co-occurrence patterns between the deviant CD trajectory, and the high ODD and high ADHD trajectory were studied for males and females separately. Results: Four percent of males and 2% of females followed a deviant CD trajectory. Six percent of the sample followed a high ODD trajectory, and 5% a high ADHD trajectory. Engagement in the deviant CD trajectory was predicted by ODD and ADHD in females, but only by ODD in males. Conclusions: Although ADHD co-occurs with CD, the association between ADHD and CD is largely accounted for by accompanying ODD. Gender differences should be taken into account in understanding the onset of CD. © 2007 The Authors Journal compilation © 2007 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health
Effect of ambient temperature during acute aerobic exercise on short-term appetite, energy intake, and plasma acylated ghrelin in recreationally active males
Ambient temperature during exercise may affect energy intake regulation. Compared with a temperate (20 °C) environment, 1 h of running followed by 6 h of rest tended to decrease energy intake from 2 ad libitum meals in a hot (30 °C) environment but increase energy intake in a cool (10 °C) environment (p = 0.08). Core temperature changes did not appear to mediate this trend; whether acylated ghrelin is involved is unclear. Further research is warranted to clarify these findings
Visualizing the logistic map with a microcontroller
The logistic map is one of the simplest nonlinear dynamical systems that
clearly exhibit the route to chaos. In this paper, we explored the evolution of
the logistic map using an open-source microcontroller connected to an array of
light emitting diodes (LEDs). We divided the one-dimensional interval
into ten equal parts, and associated and LED to each segment. Every time an
iteration took place a corresponding LED turned on indicating the value
returned by the logistic map. By changing some initial conditions of the
system, we observed the transition from order to chaos exhibited by the map.Comment: LaTeX, 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 listin
Extended twin study of alcohol use in Virginia and Australia
Drinking alcohol is a normal behavior in many societies, and prior studies have demonstrated it has both genetic and environmental sources of variation. Using two very large samples of twins and their first-degree relatives (Australia ≈ 20,000 individuals from 8,019 families; Virginia ≈ 23,000 from 6,042 families), we examine whether there are differences: (1) in the genetic and environmental factors that influence four interrelated drinking behaviors (quantity, frequency, age of initiation, and number of drinks in the last week), (2) between the twin-only design and the extended twin design, and (3) the Australian and Virginia samples. We find that while drinking behaviors are interrelated, there are substantial differences in the genetic and environmental architectures across phenotypes. Specifically, drinking quantity, frequency, and number of drinks in the past week have large broad genetic variance components, and smaller but significant environmental variance components, while age of onset is driven exclusively by environmental factors. Further, the twin-only design and the extended twin design come to similar conclusions regarding broad-sense heritability and environmental transmission, but the extended twin models provide a more nuanced perspective. Finally, we find a high level of similarity between the Australian and Virginian samples, especially for the genetic factors. The observed differences, when present, tend to be at the environmental level. Implications for the extended twin model and future directions are discussed
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