How service‐users with intellectual disabilities understand challenging behaviour and approaches to managing it

Background This study explored understandings that service‐users with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour held around their behaviour, what shaped these understandings, and the relationship between how behaviours are managed and well‐being. Methods Eight participants (three female, five male) partook in individual semi‐structured qualitative interviews. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results Three master themes emerged from this analysis: (a) challenging behaviour can be explained via an internal or external frame of reference, with each framework having different implications for how participants attempted to manage behaviour. (b) Positive relationships provide a long‐term buffer to challenging behaviour, with positive relationships with family, staff and peers operating through different mechanisms to achieve this. (c) A greater ability to exert power and control in day‐to‐day life was perceived to reduce challenging behaviour in the long term. Conclusions Implications for practice are discussed

Photo-realistic and detailed 3D modeling: the Antonine nymphaeum at Sagalassos (Turkey) PHOTO-REALISTIC AND DETAILED 3D MODELING: THE ANTONINE NYMPHAEUM AT SAGALASSOS (TURKEY)

Abstract. This paper gives a concise overview of the techniques we have used to build a detailed 3D model of the Antonine nymphaeum at the ancient city of Sagalassos (SW-Turkey). These include techniques for 3D acquisition, texture modelling and synthesis, data clean-up, and visualisation. The result was a maximally realistic but also veridical model, which proves that the technical possibilities are available to create this kind of detailed models. As such, we consider this paper as a plea to include the highest levels of detail into virtual models of archaeological buildings and landscapes where the data allow it. There is an ongoing debate whether high levels of detail, and photo-realistic visualisation for that matter, are desirable in the first place. Indeed, detailed models combined with photo-realistic rendering may convey an impression of reality, whereas they can never represent the situation like it really was. We agree that filling in completely hypothetical structures may be more misleading than it is informative. On the other hand, good indications about these structures, or even actual fragments thereof, are often available. Leaving out any structures one is not absolutely sure about, combining basic geometric primitives, or adopting copy-and-paste methods – all aspects regularly found with simple model building – also entail dangers. Such models will almost certainly fail to generate interest with the public. Moreover, it will fail to illustrate ornamental sophistication or shape and pattern irregularities, which can form a surplus value for the architectural and archaeological investigation of ancient buildings. Some examples of th