Pentachlorophenol Removal from Water by Soybean Peroxidase and Iron(II) Salts Concerted Action

[EN] Soybean peroxidase (SBP) has been employed for the treatment of aqueous solutions containing pentachlorophenol (PCP) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide at pH range 5-7. Reaction carried out with 1mg/L of PCP, 4mg/L of H2O2, and 1.3x10(-9)M of SBP showed a fast initial elimination of PCP (ca. 30% in 20min), but the reaction does not go beyond the removal of 50% of the initial concentration of PCP. Modification in SBP and PCP amounts did not change the reaction profile and higher amounts of H2O2 were detrimental for the reaction. Addition of Fe(II) to the system resulted in an acceleration of the process to reach nearly complete PCP removal at pH 5 or 6; this is more probably due to a synergetic effect of the enzymatic process and Fenton reaction. However, experiments developed in tap water resulted in a lower PCP elimination, but this inconvenience can be partly overcome by leaving the tap water overnight in an open vessel before reaction.We want to acknowledge Davide Mainero from Acea Pinerolese for his collaboration in this research. The authors want to thank the financial support of the European Union (PIRSES-GA-2010-269128, EnvironBOS and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange projectH2020-MSCA-RISE-2014, Mat4treaT-project number: 645551) and Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (CTQ2015-69832-C4-4-R). Sara Garcia-Ballesteros would like to thank the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad for her fellowship (BES-2013-066201).Tolardo, V.; García-Ballesteros, S.; Santos-Juanes Jordá, L.; Vercher Pérez, RF.; Amat Payá, AM.; Arqués Sanz, A.; Laurenti, E. (2019). Pentachlorophenol Removal from Water by Soybean Peroxidase and Iron(II) Salts Concerted Action. 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Pergamon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.04.014

Treatment and reuse of textile wastewaters by mild solar photo-Fenton in the presence of humic-like substances

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7889-1In this paper, the possibility of reusing textile effluents for new dyeing baths has been investigated. For this purpose, different trichromies using Direct Red 80, Direct Blue 106, and Direct Yellow 98 on cotton have been used. Effluents have been treated by means of a photo-Fenton process at pH 5. Addition of humic-like substances isolated form urban wastes is necessary in order to prevent iron deactivation because of the formation of non-active iron hydroxides. Laboratory-scale experiments carried out with synthetic effluents show that comparable results were obtained when using as solvent water treated by photo-Fenton with SBO and fresh deionized water. Experiments were scaled up to pilot plant illuminated under sunlight, using in this case a real textile effluent. Decoloration of the effluent could be achieved after moderate irradiation and cotton dyed with this water presented similar characteristics as when deionized water was used.This work was realized with the financial support of a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange project funded by the European Commission H2020-MSCA-RISE-2014 within the framework of the research project Mat4treaT (project number 645551). Financial support from Spanish Government (CTQ2015-69832-C4-4-R) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria d’Educació, Cultura i Esport (GV/AICO/2015/124) and CTQ2015-69832-C4-4-R.García-Negueroles, P.; Bou-Belda, E.; Santos-Juanes Jordá, L.; Amat Payá, AM.; Arques Sanz, A.; Vercher Pérez, RF.; Monllor Pérez, P.... (2017). Treatment and reuse of textile wastewaters by mild solar photo-Fenton in the presence of humic-like substances. 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A new methodology to assess the performance of AOPs in complex samples: Application to the degradation of phenolic compounds by O3 and O3/UV-A Vis

[EN] A methodology combining experimental design methodology, liquid chromatography, excitation emission matrixes (EEM) and bioassays has been applied to study the performance of O3 and O3/UVA-vis in the treatment of a mixture of eight phenolic pollutants. An experimental design methodology based on Doehlert matrixes was employed to determine the effect of pH (between 3 and 12), ozone dosage (02¿1.0¿g/h) and initial concentration of the pollutants (1¿6¿mg/L each). The following conclusions were obtained: a) acidic pH and low O3 dosage resulted in an inefficient process, b) increasing pH and O3 amount produced an enhancement of the reaction, and c) interaction of basic pH and high amounts of ozone decreased the efficiency of the process. The combination of O3/UVA-vis was able to enhance ozonation in those experimental regions were this reagent was less efficient, namely low pH and low ozone dosages. The application of EEM-PARAFAC showed four components, corresponding to the parent pollutants and three different groups of reaction product and its evolution with time. Bioassys indicated important detoxification (from 100% to less than 30% after 1¿min of treatment with initial pollutant concentration of 6¿mg/L, pH¿=¿9 and ozone dosage of 0.8¿g/h) according to the studied methods (D. magna and P. subcapitata). Also estrogenic activity and dioxin-like behavior were significantly decreased.The authors thank the financial support of the European Union(PIRSES-GA-2010-269128, EnvironBOS) and Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (CTQ2015-69832-C4-4-R). Sara García-Ballesteros thanks Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad for providing her fellowship (BES-2013-066201).García-Ballesteros, S.; Mora Carbonell, M.; Vicente Candela, R.; Vercher Pérez, RF.; Sabater Marco, C.; Castillo López, M.; Amat Payá, AM.... (2019). A new methodology to assess the performance of AOPs in complex samples: Application to the degradation of phenolic compounds by O3 and O3/UV-A Vis. Chemosphere. 222:114-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.015S11412322

Solar photocatalytic detoxification of cyanide effluents from metal finishing industry

[En] Wastewaters from metal fi nishing industry contain, among other pollutants, high amounts of cyanide and heavy metals, which results in a high toxicity of the effl uent. Therefore, it is necessary to detoxify the effl uent before discharging to a sewage treatment plant which commonly consists in a biological treatment. In this study, we analyzed different photocatalytic methods for cyanide removal: photo-Fenton, Fenton-like with metals such as manganese, zinc, silver, cobalt, chromium and copper and photocatalysis with addition of other oxidants such as persulfate. Initially, we performed a study on synthetic water prepared with contaminants found in real wastewater. In order to better simulate real conditions, the possible interferences from ions usually present in water, such as carbonates, sulfates, fl uorides or nitrates has been studied. The best treatment (Fenton-Like) was applied to real wastewaters from a metallurgical industry of the east of Spain, containg high amounts of copper. The global analysis of the treatments determined that the best results were obtained by applying solar photo-Fenton process and photo-Fenton-like processes with copper. The total degradation of cyanide and copper precipitation was achieved, improving the characteristics of the treated effl uent.[ES] Las aguas procedentes de la industria metalúrgica contienen, entre otros contaminantes, grandes cantidades de cianuro y metales pesados que les confieren elevadas toxicidades; por ello se hace necesario detoxificar estos efluentes antes de verterlos a una Estación de Depuración de Aguas Residuales Urbanas (EDARU) con tratamientos biológicos. En este estudio se analizan distintos métodos fotocatalíticos para la eliminación de cianuro: proceso foto-Fenton, Fentonlike con diferentes metales frecuentes en aguas reales, como manganeso, cinc, plata, cobalto, cromo y cobre y fotocatálisis solar con adición de oxidantes adicionales como persulfato. Inicialmente, se realiza un estudio sobre aguas preparadas con contaminantes encontrados en las analíticas de aguas de empresa. Con objeto de acercarnos más a condiciones reales, se determinan posibles interferencias causadas por iones presentes en aguas de forma habitual: carbonatos, sulfatos, fluoruros y nitratos. El tratamiento que proporciona mejores resultados (proceso similares al fotoFenton: ¿foto-Like-Fenton¿) se aplica en las aguas procedentes de una industria metalúrgica de la Comunidad Valenciana, cuyas aguas contienen cobre en cantidad suficiente como para influir de manera beneficiosa en el proceso. El análisis global de los tratamientos aplicados determina que los mejores resultados se obtienen con la aplicación del proceso foto-Fenton solar y procesos fotocatalíticos similares con cobre; se consigue la total degradación del cianuro y la precipitación final del cobre que favorece su eliminación del efluente mediante aplicación de un filtro prensa.Silvestre Mira, M.; Vercher Pérez, RF.; Palacios Guillem, S.; Arqués Sanz, A.; Amat Payá, AM.; Añó Montalvá, EJ. (2012). Detoxificación por fotocatálisis solar de efl uentes cianurados provenientes de una industria metalúrgica. Dyna Ingeniería e Industria. 87(6):698-706. doi:10.6036/4676S69870687

Reutilización en nuevas tinturas de aguas industriales reales tratadas mediante proceso foto-Fenton (I)

[EN] Textile wastewaters have a potential impact on the environment, therefore, reuse of these effluents represents an economic and ecological benefit. The appropriate depuration by firms after textile dyeing and finishing operations needs the application of efficient and adequate wastewater treatments. Processes known as Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) used in the decolorization and mineralization of wastewaters are extremely effective. AOPs using solar light, as the photo-Fenton process, are especially interesting for the treatment of textile effluents. 99% decrease in absorbance of the industrial textile effluents treated, from exhausting dyeing, has led to its re-use in new laboratory dyeing of several textile materials, by using a range of dyestuffs with diverse chromoferes.[ES] Los efluentes generados por las industrias textiles representan un problema potencial para el medioambiente. Su tratamiento antes de ser liberados en cauces públicos o estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales (EDAR), implica la aplicación de tratamientos eficientes. Las técnicas conocidas como Procesos Avanzados de Oxidación PAOs para la depuración de aguas son especialmente efectivas, tanto por su elevada reactividad como por su poca selectividad oxidativa. Entre los PAOs, los procesos foto-Fenton resultan muy interesantes para el tratamiento de efluentes textiles, especialmente aquellos que emplean la luz del sol. La disminución del 99% en la absorbancia de los efluentes industriales, de tintura por agotamiento, tratados, ha permitido su reutilización para tintar a escala de laboratorio diferentes materias textiles con diversas familias de colorantes.Sanz, JF.; Monllor Pérez, P.; Vicente Candela, R.; Vercher Pérez, RF. (2012). Reutilización en nuevas tinturas de aguas industriales reales tratadas mediante proceso foto-Fenton (I). Revista de Química e Industria Textil. (207):40-49. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/73661S404920

Evaluación de la competencia transversal ‘Comunicación Efectiva’ mediante presentaciones en vídeo

Resumen de los autoresGrado en Ingeniería Mecánica (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia)La comunicación efectiva es una de las competencias transversales que se trabajan y evalúan en la Universistat Politècnica de Valencia (UPV). En dicha competencia se valora la capacidad de transmitir conocimientos e ideas con claridad y utilizando los recursos necesarios para ello. Se decidió evaluar esta competencia con la realización de presentaciones orales individuales grabadas en formato video para que se permitiera su visionado y evaluación fuera del horario docente. Durante las clases de esta asignatura (Máquinas Térmicas 3º Grado Ingeniería Mecánica) se suele recurrir al visionado de vídeos de pequeña duración para poder entender el funcionamiento de estas máquinas. Por este motivo, este tipo de vídeos no resultan extraños al alumno y en esta actividad se les propuso que hicieran uno explicando las características, funcionamiento, aplicaciones etc., de una máquina térmica comercial. El resultado obtenido fue muy positivo ya que los alumnos fueron receptivos a realizar este tipo de presentaciones y la habilidad y creatividad de algunos alumnos fue enormemente sorprendente y gratificante.ES

Competencias transversales en la asignatura “Tecnología Medioambiental”

Resumen de los autoresGrado en Ingeniería Eléctrica (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia)Durante el desarrollo universitario se considera fundamental no solo trabajar las capacidades intelectuales, también las actitudes relacionadas con el desarrollo personal, que no dependen de un ámbito temático o disciplinario específico y que se manifiestan en la actuación profesional. El Proyecto institucional de implantación de las competencias transversales UPV fue una iniciativa del Vicerrectorado de Estudios, Calidad y Acreditación, que tiene como objetivo principal certificar los niveles de los alumnos en estas competencia. El curso académico 2014/15 fue el de la experiencia piloto y el curso académico 2015/16 fue ya el del comienzo de la implantación definitiva del proyecto. El resultado del listado definitivo de las trece competencias transversales UPV pretende garantizar que se cubren todos los aspectos que reflejan los listados de la agencia americana Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, (ABET), más el sello EUR-ACE que concede la agencia European Network for Accreditation of Engineering Education (ENNAEE), más los de los Reales Decretos (RD) españoles.ES