Analysis of the difference between the model and real value of electricity consumption

Hlavním cílem této práce je ukázat význam typových diagramů dodávek, určit jejich poplatnost k dnešní době, identifikovat slabé stránky a doporučit možné návrhy pro zpřesnění mechanismu TDD. Nejdříve bude vysvětleno a popsáno fungování trhu s elektřinou, se zaměřením především na spotřebu elektřiny a chování koncových odběratelů, a také nastíněn možný budoucí vývoj v této oblasti. Dále bude popsán současný způsob měření spotřeby elektřiny, nastíněn budoucí vývoj a možný dopad nástupu nových technologií. Právě v současném modelu měření a vyhodnocování spotřeby odběratelů je uplatňována metodika TDD pro neprůběhově měřené zákazníky. Tato metodika bude podrobně analyzována na konkrétním příkladu vyhodnocení odchylky u jednoho spotřebitele. Na závěr bude vyhodnocena funkce a přesnost systému TDD a doporučeny některé návrhy na její zlepšení.The main aim of this Diploma thesis is to show the importance of load profiles, their applications in nowadays conditions of energetics, identify weaknesses and recommend some proposals to achieve more accuracy of load profiles. First of all it is necessary to explained and described electricity market, connections between market participants with focus on electricity consumption and consumer behavior. Also will be indicate future development in electricity consumption. Then will be describe and explained current state of measuring electricity consumption, future development and expected changes due to new technologies like smart metering and smart grids. Under current conditions load profiles are used to settlement of differences between the actual and allocated consumption values for the type C metering. After that will be system of load profiles analysis on specific example of consumption evaluation by one electricity consumer. Finally will be evaluated function and accuracy of load profiles and given some suggestion of improve proposal

Montmorillonite K10-induced decomposition of methyl N-phenylcarbamate to phenylisocyanate and its prospect for recovering isocyanates from polyurethanes

The significant growth of the production and use of flexible polyurethane (PU) foam causes increased waste accumulation, thereby creating a demand for the recycling of PU. While upgrading PU materials to recycled polyols has been studied in detail, the recovery of diisocyanates is a longstanding challenge. Montmorillonite K10 (MK10) has been proposed as a catalyst to convert carbamates into isocyanates, but its prospects are unclear. Here, the MK10-catalyzed decomposition of methyl phenylcarbamate (MPC) into phenylisocyanate (PI) and the side product N,N’-diphenylurea (DPU) has been studied as a model reaction for the decomposition of PU foam and the potential recovery of PI. The effects of the amount of catalyst, the temperature, and the solvent were investigated by HPLC analyses. Kinetic analysis revealed that the uncatalyzed rate of the MPC decomposition is much lower than the catalyzed rate, indicating that the thermally driven decomposition is negligible. Our results, involving both experimental kinetic studies and models of the kinetics, show that, while MK10 effectively catalyzes the decomposition of MPC, it also causes the formation of aniline, which reacts with PI to form DPU. As a result, large amounts of MK10 favor DPU and prevent the selective formation of PI, and yields of PI &gt;30 % were never observed. Likely, the OH groups of MK10 form covalent bonds with PI, causing a deficiency in the mole balance. Overall, MK10 is unsuited to provide high yields of isocyanates.</p

Financing transformative health systems towards achievement of the health Sustainable Development Goals: a model for projected resource needs in 67 low-income and middle-income countries

The ambitious development agenda of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires substantial investments across several sectors, including for SDG 3 (healthy lives and wellbeing). No estimates of the additional resources needed to strengthen comprehensive health service delivery towards the attainment of SDG 3 and universal health coverage in low-income and middle-income countries have been published. Methods We developed a framework for health systems strengthening, within which population-level and individual-level health service coverage is gradually scaled up over time. We developed projections for 67 low-income and middle-income countries from 2016 to 2030, representing 95% of the total population in low-income and middle-income countries. We considered four service delivery platforms, and modelled two scenarios with differing levels of ambition: a progress scenario, in which countries' advancement towards global targets is constrained by their health system's assumed absorptive capacity, and an ambitious scenario, in which most countries attain the global targets. We estimated the associated costs and health effects, including reduced prevalence of illness, lives saved, and increases in life expectancy. We projected available funding by country and year, taking into account economic growth and anticipated allocation towards the health sector, to allow for an analysis of affordability and financial sustainability. Findings We estimate that an additional $274 billion spending on health is needed per year by 2030 to make progress towards the SDG 3 targets (progress scenario), whereas US$371 billion would be needed to reach health system targets in the ambitious scenario—the equivalent of an additional $41 (range 15–102) or$58 (22–167) per person, respectively, by the final years of scale-up. In the ambitious scenario, total health-care spending would increase to a population-weighted mean of $271 per person (range 74–984) across country contexts, and the share of gross domestic product spent on health would increase to a mean of 7·5$20–54 billion per year is projected. Should funds be made available and used as planned, the ambitious scenario would save 97 million lives and significantly increase life expectancy by 3·1–8·4 years, depending on the country profile. Interpretation All countries will need to strengthen investments in health systems to expand service provision in order to reach SDG 3 health targets, but even the poorest can reach some level of universality. In view of anticipated resource constraints, each country will need to prioritise equitably, plan strategically, and cost realistically its own path towards SDG 3 and universal health coverage

HLA polymorphisms and detection of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus DNA in saliva and peripheral blood among children and their mothers in the uganda sickle cell anemia KSHV Study

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, also called Human herpesvirus 8 or HHV8) is a γ-2 herpesvirus that causes Kaposi sarcoma. KSHV seroprevalence rates vary geographically with variable rates recorded in different sub Sahara African countries, suggesting that effects of genetic and/or environmental factors may influence the risk of infection. One study conducted in South Africa, where KSHV seroprevalence is relatively low, found that carriage of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles HLA-A*6801, HLA-A*30, HLA-A*4301, and HLA-DRB1*04 was associated with increased shedding of KSHV DNA in saliva. Confirmation of those results would strengthen the hypothesis that genetic factors may influence KSHV distribution by modulating KSHV shedding in saliva. To explore these associations in another setting, we used high resolution HLA-A, B, and DRB1 typing on residual samples from the Uganda Sickle Cell Anemia KSHV study, conducted in a high KSHV seroprevalence region, to investigate associations between HLA and KSHV shedding in saliva or peripheral blood among 233 children and their mothers. HLA-A and HLA-DRB1 alleles were not associated with KSHV shedding in our study, but our study was small and was not adequately powered to exclude small associations. In exploratory analyses, we found marginal association of KSHV DNA shedding in saliva but not in peripheral blood among children carrying HLA- B*4415 and marginal association of KSHV DNA shedding in peripheral blood but not in saliva among children carrying HLA- B*0801 alleles. The contribution of individual HLA polymorphisms to KSHV shedding is important but it may vary in different populations. Larger population-based studies are needed to estimate the magnitude and direction of association of HLA with KSHV shedding and viral control

Corrigin area land resources survey map 1

Map sheet 1 from - Verboom, W H, Galloway, P D. (2004), Corrigin area land resources survey. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia. Report 20.https://library.dpird.wa.gov.au/lr_images/1038/thumbnail.jp

Corrigin area land resources major soils

Major soils map from - Verboom, W H, Galloway, P D. (2004), Corrigin area land resources survey. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia. Report 20.https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/lr_images/1037/thumbnail.jp

Corrigin area land resources survey map 5

Map sheet 5 from - Verboom, W H, Galloway, P D. (2004), Corrigin area land resources survey. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia. Report 20.https://library.dpird.wa.gov.au/lr_images/1042/thumbnail.jp

Corrigin area land resources survey map 5

Map sheet 5 from - Verboom, W H, Galloway, P D. (2004), Corrigin area land resources survey. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia. Report 20.https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/lr_images/1042/thumbnail.jp

What factors affect evidence-informed policymaking in public health? Protocol for a systematic review of qualitative evidence using thematic synthesis

Claims of and calls for evidence-informed policymaking pervade public health journals and the literature of governments and global health agencies, yet our knowledge of the arrangements most conducive to the appropriate use of evidence is incomplete and fragmented. Designing interventions to encourage evidence use by policymakers requires an understanding of the processes through which officials access, assess and use research, including technical and political factors related to evidence uptake, and the ways in which the policymaking context can affect these processes. This review aims to systematically locate, synthesise and interpret the existing qualitative work on the process of evidence use in public health policymaking, with the aim of producing an empirically derived taxonomy of factors affecting evidence use.This review will include primary qualitative studies that examined the use of research evidence by policymakers to inform decisions about public health. To locate studies, we will search nine bibliographic databases, hand-search nine public health and policy journals and scan the websites of relevant organisations and the reference lists of previous reviews of evidence use in policymaking. Two reviewers will independently screen studies, apply inclusion criteria and appraise the quality of included studies. Data will be coded inductively and analysed using thematic synthesis. An augmented version of the CASP Qualitative Checklist will be used to appraise included studies, and the CERQual tool will be used to assess confidence in the review's findings. The review's results will be presented narratively and in tabular form. Synthesis findings will be summarised as a taxonomy of factors affecting evidence use in public health policymaking. A conceptual framework explaining the relationships between key factors will be proposed. Implications and recommendations for policy, practice and future research will be discussed.This review will be the most comprehensive to date to synthesise the qualitative literature on evidence use by public health policymakers and will be the first to apply a formal method of qualitative metasynthesis to this body of evidence. Its results will be useful both to scholars of evidence use and knowledge translation and to decision-makers and academics attempting to influence public health policy