Korelaciona povezanost prinosa i kvaliteta ploda breskve sa nekim fenološkim fazama

Ripening time of peach cultivars that are grown up in our country is extended over a time period of almost four months. In addition to that, one of more important objectives of the peach breeding is creation of the cultivars having either very early or very late ripening time. Our so far experience is that the peach cultivars which ripening time is in the extremes is of lower fruit quality. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine relationship and the nature of the dependence between flowering time or ripening time from one side and yield, yield components (initial and final fruit set, fruit weight and stone weight) and chemical composition of fruit (content of total dry matter, content of soluble solids, content of total, invert and reduced sugar and content of total acid) on the other side. Twenty peach cultivars each having a different ripening time were using as material. The relationship between characteristics was determined on the basis of values of genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients. Genetic and phenotypic coefficients of correlation were calculated based on the results of monofactorial analysis of covariance where the years considered as replications. It was confirmed that flowering time was positive genetic and phenotypic correlated with initial fruit set and with final fruit set. The existence of significant genetic and phenotypic correlation between ripening time and fruit weight, between ripening time and dry matter content and between ripening time and soluble solid content represented difficulty in creation of new peach cultivars of early ripening time and improved fruit quality .Vreme sazrevanja sorti breskve koje se gaje u našoj zemlji proteže se gotovo na četiri meseca. I pored toga, jedan od važnih ciljeva u oplemenjivanju ove vrste voćaka je stvaranje sorti veoma ranog ili veoma kasnog vremena sazrevanja. Dosadašnje iskustvo pokazalo je da se sorte breskve ekstremne po vremenu sazrevanja odlikuju slabijim kvalitetom plodova. Upravo stoga, cilj ovog rada je bio da se utvrde relacije i priroda zavisnosti vremena cvetanja ili vremena sazrevanja s jedne strane i prinosa, komponenti prinosa (broj zametnutih i broj ubranih plodova, masa ploda i masa koštice) i hemijskog sastava plodova (sadržaj ukupnih i rastvorljivih suvih materija, sadržaj ukupnih invertnih i redukujućih šećera i sadržaj ukupnih kiselina) s druge strane. Kao materijal korišćeno je 20 sorti breskve različitog vremena sazrevanja. Povezanost osobina utvrđena je na osnovu vrednosti koeficijenata genetičke i fenotipske korelacije. Koeficijenti genetičke i fenotipske korelacije izračunati su na osnovu rezultata monofaktorijalne analize kovarianse, gde su godine uzete kao ponavljanje. Ustanovljeno je da je vreme cvetanja bilo pozitivno i veoma značajno genetički i fenotipski korelisano sa brojem zametnutih plodova i brojem ubranih plodova. Postojanje značajnih genetičkih i fenotipskih korelacija između vremena sazrevanja i mase ploda, vremena sazrevanja i sadržaja ukupnih suvih materija i vremena sazrevanja i sadržaja rastvorljivih suvih materija predstavlja teškoću u stvaranju sorti breskve ranog vremena zrenja sa poboljšanim kvalitetom ploda

Divergentnost tipova džanarike (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) na području Srbije

Variability of some more prominent pomological characteristics was examined in three regions of Serbia (central, western, southern). In all the regions, significant variability of all studied characteristics was established. However, no specifics were manifested between regions, therefore, identical types emerge in all the regions. This is indicated by similar intervals of variation as well as similar mean values of characteristics per region. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that the entire territory of Serbia should be observed as a unique myrobalan population with highly expressed polymorphism of characteristics. To preserve genetic variability of myrobalan, collection is recommended for those types that were arranged into various groups and subgroups according to the results of cluster analysis.U ovom radu ispitivana je varijabilnost značajnijih pomoloških osobina u 3 regiona Srbije (centralni, zapadni i južni). U sva tri regiona ustanovljena je značajna varijabilnost svih proučavanih osobina. Međutim, među regionima nisu ispoljene specifičnosti, tako da se u sva tri regiona pojavljuju isti tipovi. Na ovo ukazuju slični intervali variranja, kao i slične srednje vrednosti osobina po regionima. Dobijeni rezultati navode na zaključak da čitavu teritoriju Srbije treba posmatrati kao jedinstvenu populaciju džanarike sa veoma izraženim polimorfizmom osobina. Radi očuvanja genetičke varijabilnosti džanarike za kolekcionisanje se preporučuju oni tipovi koji su prema rezultatima klaster analize svrstani u različite grupe i podgrupe

Genetička analiza prinosa i kvaliteta ploda sorti i hibrida breskve

The following components have been detected as the elements of a genetic analysis of the yield and the chemical composition of the fruit (its total content of dry matter, soluble solids, total sugars, sucrose, reducing sugars and total acids): components of variability, variation coefficients, heritability coefficients in a wider sense of this term. Apart from the indicators listed here, a calculation has been made for the genetic and phonotypic correlations between the analyzed features. The interaction expressed by a formula: genotype (cultivar) x year had caused, in majority of cases, a variability in the total content of dry matter (S²gy = 48%), as well as in the content of soluble solids (S²gy = 72%), total sugars content (S²gy = 33%), reducing sugars content (S²gy = 45%) and contents of total acids (S²gy = 67%). The genetic difference between the peach cultivars and the hybrids were reflected in the variability of sucrose content (S²g = 58%), whereas the difference in the years when it was tested, caused the variability in the yield (S²y = 69%). A relatively high value of the heritability coefficient (83.7%) was recorded only in the total dry matter content, while for the other qualities relating to the chemical composition of the fruit and for yield, the heritability coefficient was ranged between the low and medium (21.0-63.5). The coefficients of genetic correlation between the yield on one side and the sucrose contents (rg = 0.831**), soluble solids contents (rg = 0.632*), total sugars content (rg = 0.578*) and organic acids contents (rg = -0.627*) on the other side, were significant. At the same time, the coefficients of the phenotypic correlation between the yield and the listed chemical characteristics of the fruit did not show any statistically significant values, which indicates that it is possible to perform parallel breeding, both for the yield and the quality of the fruit.Kao elementi genetičke analize prinosa i kvaliteta ploda utvrđene su komponente varijabilnosti, koeficijenti varijacije i koeficijenti heritabilnosti u širem smislu. Pored navedenih pokazatelja izračunati su i koeficijenti genetičkih i fenotipskih korelacija između analiziranih osobina. Interakcija genotip (sorta) x godina u najvećem procentu uslovila je varijabilnost sadržaja ukupnih suvih materija (S2gy = 48%), sadržaja rastvorljivih suvih materija (S2gy = 72%), sadržaja ukupnih šećera (S2gy = 33%), sadržaja redukujućih šećera (S2gy = 45%) i sadržaja ukupnih kiselina (S2gy = 67%), genetičke razlike između sorti i hibrida breskve varijabilnost sadržaja saharoze (S2g = 58%), a razlike u godinama ispitivanja varijabilnosti prinosa (S2y = 69%). Relativno visoka vrednost koeficijenata heritabilnosti (83,7%) ustanovljena je samo za sadržaj ukupnih suvih materija, dok je za ostale osobine koje se odnose na hemijski sastav ploda i za prinos vrednost koeficijenata heritabilnosti bila slaba do srednja (21,0-63,5). Koeficijenti genetičke korelacije između prinosa s jedne strane i sadržaja saharoze (rg = 0,831**), sadržaja rastvorljivih suvih materija (rg = 0,632*), sadržaja ukupnih šećera (rg = 0,578*) i sadržaja organskih kiselina (rg = -0,627*) s druge strane su bili značajni, dok koeficijenti fenotipske korelacije između prinosa i navedenih hemijskih osobina ploda nisu pokazali statističku značajnost. To ukazuje da je moguće istovremeno vršiti selekciju i na prinos i na kvalitet ploda

Genetički parametri prinosa i morfoloških osobina ploda i koštice kod kajsije

Yield, fruit and stone weight and dimensions were studied in 24 apricot cultivars over a four-year period, to determine components of variability, heritability and genetic and phenotypic correlations. The analysis of the components of total variance evidenced that genetic differences between cultivars determined to the highest percentage the variability of fruit height and stone weight and dimensions, whereas the variation of yield, and fruit weight, breadth and thickness was predominantly determined by ecological factors. The values of heritability coefficients, in a broader sense, were found to be relatively high for fruit and stone weight and dimensions (88-93%), and medium for yield (48%). It was established by correlation analysis that all genetic and phenotypic coefficients of correlation between fruit and stone weight and dimensions were positive and statistically very significant. Yield was in a very significant, positive genetic correlation with a majority of studied characters except for fruit breadth. However, the phenotypic coefficients of correlation between those properties were not statistically significant.Tokom četiri godine, kod 24 sorte kajsije, utvrđeni su prinos, masa i dimenzije (visina, širina i debljina) ploda i koštice. Rezultati analize varijanse su pokazali da je varijabilnost svih proučavanih osobina bila veoma značajno uslovljena i genetičkim i ekološkim faktorima, kao i njihovom interakcijom. Analizom komponenti ukupne varijabilnosti ustanovljeno je da su genetičke razlike među sortama u najvećem procentu uslovile varijabilnost mase koštice (S2g=47%), visine ploda (S2g=45%), visine koštice (S2g=55%), širine koštice (S2g=62%) i debljine koštice (S2g=54%), dok je variranje prinosa (S2y=70%), mase ploda (S2y=44%), širine ploda (S2y=43%) i debljine ploda (S2y=49%) bilo u najvećem procentu uslovljeno ekološkim faktorima. Vrednosti koeficijenata heritabilnosti u širem smislu bile su relativno visoke za masu i dimenzije ploda i koštice (h2=88,5­93,0%), a srednja za prinos (h2=48,3%). Korelacionom analizom ustanovljeno je da su svi koeficijenti genetičke i fenotipske korelacije, između mase i dimenzija ploda i koštice, bili pozitivni i statistički veoma značajni. Prinos je bio u veoma značajnoj, pozitivnoj, genetičkoj korelaciji sa većinom proučavanih osobina, osim sa širinom koštice. Međutim fenotipski koeficijenti korelacije između ovih osobina nisu bili statistički značajni

Nasleđivanje nekih morfoloških osobina pri hibridizaciji sorti vinove loze Drenak crveni i Afuz-ali

The variability and mode of inheritance of young shoot tip, leaf, grape and berry morphological characteristics were investigated in F1 generation obtained by crossing of Drenak crveni and Afuz-ali. Based on seedlings description, considering investigated characteristics, grouping was done by applying O.I.V. method. The conclusions about inheritance of characteristics were obtained based on results of Hi2 test. The consider able variability was expressed in hybrid population. For properties of leaf characteristics (largeness, shape, dividity, and incisions), exception from typical monogenic ratio was determined. The monohybrid inheritance was determined in density of leaf hairs and downs. The monohybrid mode of inheritance was not confirmed in grape characteristics (largeness, compactness and stem length) and berry characteristics (largeness, shape and taste), while skin color is monogenic property.Praćene su varijabilnost i način nasleđivanja morfoloških osobina vrha mladog lastara, lista, grozda i bobice u F1 generaciji nastaloj ukrštanjem sorti Drenak crveni i Afuz-ali. Na osnovu opisa sejanaca izvršeno njihovo grupisanje po posmatranim obeležjima primenom propisane metode O.I.V-a. Zaključci o načinu nasleđivanja posmatranih osobina doneti su na osnovu rezultata Hi2 testa. U hibridnom potomstvu ispoljena je znatna varijabilnost svih proučavanih osobina. Za osobine razvijenog lista (veličina, oblik, izdeljenost, forma ureza) utvrđeno je od stupanje od odnosa razdvajanja karakterističnog za monogensko nasleđivanje. Za osobine lista kao što su gustina dugih i kratkih malja utvrđeno je da se nasleđuju monogenski. Od osobina grozda i bobice monogenski način nasleđivanja nije potvrđen kod veličine grozda, zbijenosti bobica, dužine peteljke, veličine, oblika i ukusa bobica, dok se boja pokožice nasleđuje monogenski

Komponente varijabilnosti i heritabilnost pomoloških i hemijskih osobina klonova višnje sorte Montmorensi

In 12 sour cherry clones of cultivar Montmorency 5 pomological (fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, stone weight and fruit stem length) and 4 chemical characteristics (soluble solid content, total acid content, invert sugar content and total sugar content) were investigated. Based on results of analysis of variance for all examined characteristics, variability components, coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation and coefficient of heritability in a broader sense were calculated. Considering components of total variability, year represented the component that caused variability of majority examined characteristics in the highest percentage. Coefficients of genetic variation showed that in investigated clones total acid content varied the least (CVg = 1.79%), and the most fruit weight (CVg = 11.41%). The lowest phenotypic varying was determined for fruit length (CVf = 4.01%) but the highest for fruit weight (CVf = 13.86%). Coefficient of heritability was the highest for stone weight (h2 = 70.27%), and the lowest for total acid content (h2 = 7.73%).Kod 12 klonova višnje sorte Montmorensi ispitivano je 5 pomoloških (dužina ploda, širina ploda, masa ploda, masa koštice i dužina peteljke ploda) i 4 hemijske osobine (sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija, sadržaj ukupnih kiselina, sadržaj invertnih šećera i sadržaj ukupnih šećera). Na osnovu rezultata analize varijanse za sve ispitivane osobine izračunate su komponente varijabilnosti, koeficijenti genetičke i fenotipske varijacije i koeficijent heritabilnosti u širem smislu. Od komponenti ukupne varijabilnosti godina je predstavljala komponentu koja je u najvećem procenutu uslovila varijabilnost većine proučavanih osobina. Koeficijenti genetičke varijacije pokazuju da je kod proučavanih klonova najmanje varirao sadržaj ukupnih kiselina (CVg =1,79%), a najviše masa ploda (CVg =11,41%). Najmanje fenotipsko variranje ustanovljeno je za dužinu ploda (CVf =4,01%), a najveće za masu ploda (CVf =13,86%). Koeficijent heritabilnost bilo je najveći za masu koštice (h2 = 70,27%), a najmanji za sadržaj ukupnih kiselina (h2 = 7,73%)

Uticaj oprašivača na zametanje plodova sorte šljive Čačanska Najbolja

In this paper, during a 4-year period (2003-2006) effects of six pollenizers (President, Italian Prune, Stanley, Čačanska Rodna, Agen 707, and California Blue) on the degree of fruit set in the plum cultivar Čačanska Najbolja were examined. Besides the controlled pollination of this cultivar, open pollination was investigated. Functional pollen ability in pollenizer-cultivars was established by in vitro pollen germination. Degree of fruit set was determined comparing the number of fruit set (10 days after pollination, 21 days after pollination and number of harvested fruits) against the number of pollinated flowers. The results indicated that all pollenizer cultivars, studied in this paper, possessed satisfactory in vitro pollen germination (30.1-67.4%). The number of fruit set determined 10 days after pollination was very high and did not differ among pollenizers. Highly significant differences were found between the pollenizers in the number of fruit set 21 days after pollination and significant ones in relation to the number of harvested fruits. Compared to open pollination, higher number of fruit set 21 days after pollination and higher number of harvested fruits were obtained when cultivars Stanley (17.0%; 7.6%) and Italian Prune (14.6%; 6.9%) were used as pollenizers, therefore those cultivars are recommendable as good pollenizers for the cultivar Čačanska Najbolja.U radu je tokom četvorogodišnjeg perioda istraživanja (2003-2006) ispitivan uticaj šest oprašivača (Prezident, Italijanka, Stenli, Čačanska rodna, Aženka 707 i Kalifornijska plava) na stepen zametanja plodova sorte šljive Čačanska najbolja. Pored kontrolisanog praćeno je i slobodno oprašivanje ove sorte. Funkcionalna sposobnost polena sorti oprašivača ustanovljena je na osnovu in vitro klijavosti polena. Stepen zametanja plodova utvrđen je poređenjem broja zametnutih plodova (10 dana posle oprašivanja, 21 dan posle oprašivanja i broja ubranih plodova) u odnosu na broj oprašenih cvetova. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da su sve sorte oprašivači, proučavane u ovom radu, imale zadovoljavajuću in vitro klijavost polena (30,1-67,4%). Broj zametnutih plodova 10 dana nakon oprašivanja bio je veoma visok i nije se razlikovao u zavisnosti od primenjenog oprašivača. Između primenjenih oprašivača utvrđene su veoma značajne razlike u broju zametnutih plodova 21 dan nakon oprašivanja, a značajne u odnosu na broj ubranih plodova. U poređenju sa slobodnim oprašivanjem, veći broj zametnutih plodova 21 dan nakon oprašivanja i veći broj ubranih plodova dobijen je kada su kao oprašivači korišćene sorte Stenli (17,0%; 7,6%) i Italijanka (14,6%; 6,9%) pa se ove sorte mogu preporučiti kao dobri oprašivači za sortu Čačanska najbolja

Odnos funkcionalne sposobnosti polena i stepena zametanja plodova u vinove loze (Vitis sp.)

In this paper, pollen functional ability of the cultivars Chardonnay Smederevka and SV 12-375, used as the male parent, for pollination of the cultivar Bagrina, as the female parent, was investigated. Free pollination of the cultivar Bagrina was observed as well as controlled pollination. Satisfactory pollen germination in vitro was established for the cultivars SV 12-375 (76.65%) and Smederevka (66.08%), while the cultivar Chardonnay had low pollen germination (20.88%). An association between pollen functional ability of the pollinizers and fruit set degree was determined for the cultivar Bagrina. Cultivars SV 12-375 and Smederevka were suitable pollinizers for the cultivar Bagrina.U ovom radu proučavana je funkcionalna sposobnost polena sorti Šardone Smederevka i SV 12-375 koje su korišćene u svojstvu oca za oprašivanje sorte Bagrina koja je korišćena u svojstvu majke. Pored kontrolisanog oprašivanja praćeno je i slobodno oprašivanje sorte Bagrina. Funkcionalna sposobnost polena utvrđena je metodom bojenja acetokarminom i metodom in vitro naklijavanja. Stepen oplodnje ustanovljen je na osnovu broja zametnutih plodova i broja ubranih plodova. Sve ispitivane sorte pokazale su visok procenat obojenih polenovih zrna (preko 75,00%). Zadovoljavajuća klijavost polena in vitro utvrđena je kod sorti SV 12-375 (76,65%) i Smederevka (66,08%), dok je kod sorte Šardone utvrđena niska klijavost polena (20,88%). Najveći broj zametnutih plodova i broj ubranih plodova ustanovljen je kao rezultat slobodnog oprašivanja (51,43%; 36,94%). Od proučavanih kombinacija kontrolisanog oprašivanja najmanji broj zametnutih plodova i broj ubranih plodova imala je kombinacija Bagrina x Šardone (29,32%; 15,93%). Najveći broj zametnutih plodova dobijen je u kombinaciji Bagrina x SV 12-375 (39,10%), a najveći broj ubranih plodova dobijen je u kombinaciji Bagrina x Smederevka (23,90%). Ustanovljena je zavisnost između funkcionalne sposobnosti polena sorti oprašivača i stepena zametanja plodova sorte Bagrina. Dobri oprašivači za sortu Bagrina bile su sorte SV 12-375 i Smederevka

Genetička divergentnost klonova Oblačinske višnje (Prunus ceratus L.)

Based on examination of 10 important pomologic and technologic properties, genetic divergence of 10 selected Oblačinska sour cherry clones was established. The genetic divergence between the analyzed clones was determined using the hierarchical cluster analysis. The UPGA method was used and the Euclidean distance in order to determine the difference between the groups. Four similar clone groups were obtained on the dendrogram. The objective of clone differentiation was primarily yield, although other properties were taken into account as well. As the most yielded clones for the production, that can be recommended, were clone D8 or clone D4 that are genetically very similar, and clone D3.Oblačinska višnja predstavlja sortu populaciju koja obuhvata veliki broj formi različitih po bujnosti, rodnosti, vremenu sazrevanja, krupnoći, boji i kvalitetu plodova. Pošto Oblačinska višnja nije jedan klon već smeša velikog broja klonova (genotipova) nameće se potreba izdvajanja genetički divergentnih formi za eksploataciju i dalji oplemenjivački rad. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati analize 10 selekcionisanih klonova Oblačinske višnje. Ogled je izveden na OD "Radmilovac" Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu. Tokom trogodišnjeg perioda istraživanja analizirane su sledeće osobine: vreme sazrevanja, prinos, masa ploda, masa koštice, randman, dužina peteljke ploda, sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija, sadržaj ukupnih šećera, sadržaj invertnih šećera i sadržaj ukupnih kiselina. Genetička divergentnost između proučavanih klonova ustanovljena je primenom hijerarhijske klaster analize. Korišćenje UPGA metod, pri čemu je razlika između grupa izražena preko Euklideanovog rastojanja. Na dobijenom dendrogramu izdvojeno je četiri grupe srodnih klonova. Razdvajanje klonova u grupe bilo je prvenstveno u funkciji njihovog prinosa, mada su uticaj na razdvajanje imale i ostale proučavane osobine. Kao najprinosniji za proizvodnu praksu mogu se preporučiti klon D8 ili klon D4 koji su genetički veoma bliski i klon D3

STABILITY OF YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY IN PROMISING PEACH CULTIVARS

Yield and fruit quality (fruit weight, reducing sugar content, sucrose content and total acids content) were studied in 20 introduced peach cultivars. To evaluate the stability of those characteristics in the agro-ecological conditions of Belgrade surroundings, bi and S2di were applied. ‘Adriana’ had the highest yield and content of reducing sugars, ‘Aurelia’ the highest fruit weight, ‘Pegaso’ the highest sucrose content, and ‘Croce del Sud’ the highest total acids content. Values of bi coeffi cient indicated that ‘Sirio’ had the highest stability of yield ‘Iris Rosso’ the highest stability of fruit weight and content of reducing sugars, ‘Aurelia’ the highest stability of sucrose content, and ‘Emilia’ the highest stability of total acids content. Values of S2di, despite being relatively high, did not show any statistical signifi cance, which indicates a more signifi cant deviation from regression and unsatisfactory stability of the studied genotypes. The results of the present work confi rm that bi, being a stability parameter, is more important than S2di in heterozygous genotypes, the genotype of a majority of fruit cultivars, therefore of peach itself