EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF STEM BARK EXTRACTS OF MESUA FERREA LINN.

Objective: Phytochemical evaluation and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of stem bark extracts of Mesua ferrea Linn.Methods: Petroleum ether, chloroform, and 80% ethanol extracts were used for in-vitro bioassays: such as Human red blood cells membrane stabilization, protein inhibitor, inhibition of egg albumin and anti-lipoxygenase assay to evaluate their anti-inflammatory potential.Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and terpenoids. The petroleum ether, chloroform, and 80% ethanol extracts showed significant reduction in inflammation at different 100, 200 and 500μg/ml compared to standard drug indomethacin (100μg/ml).Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that the 80% ethanol extract of stem bark of Mesua ferrea Linn. (M. ferrea) exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to petroleum ether and chloroform extracts.Â

Characterizing the normal proteome of human ciliary body

BACKGROUND: The ciliary body is the circumferential muscular tissue located just behind the iris in the anterior chamber of the eye. It plays a pivotal role in the production of aqueous humor, maintenance of the lens zonules and accommodation by changing the shape of the crystalline lens. The ciliary body is the major target of drugs against glaucoma as its inhibition leads to a drop in intraocular pressure. A molecular study of the ciliary body could provide a better understanding about the pathophysiological processes that occur in glaucoma. Thus far, no large-scale proteomic investigation has been reported for the human ciliary body. RESULTS: In this study, we have carried out an in-depth LC-MS/MS-based proteomic analysis of normal human ciliary body and have identified 2,815 proteins. We identified a number of proteins that were previously not described in the ciliary body including importin 5 (IPO5), atlastin-2 (ATL2), B-cell receptor associated protein 29 (BCAP29), basigin (BSG), calpain-1 (CAPN1), copine 6 (CPNE6), fibulin 1 (FBLN1) and galectin 1 (LGALS1). We compared the plasma proteome with the ciliary body proteome and found that the large majority of proteins in the ciliary body were also detectable in the plasma while 896 proteins were unique to the ciliary body. We also classified proteins using pathway enrichment analysis and found most of proteins associated with ubiquitin pathway, EIF2 signaling, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: More than 95% of the identified proteins have not been previously described in the ciliary body proteome. This is the largest catalogue of proteins reported thus far in the ciliary body that should provide new insights into our understanding of the factors involved in maintaining the secretion of aqueous humor. The identification of these proteins will aid in understanding various eye diseases of the anterior segment such as glaucoma and presbyopia

<i>In vitro</i> antioxidant and <i>in vivo </i> prophylactic effects of heptyl 3-(2-formylphenyl) propanoate isolated from <i>Delonix elata</i> L.against hepatoxicity in CCl₄ intoxicated rats

47-53Delonix elata L. (Family Caesalpiniaceae) has been used in the folklore medicines in Karnataka, India to cure liver and rheumatic problems. Bioassay guided fractionation of the chloroform leaf extract of D. elata has resulted in the isolation of heptyl 3-(2-formylphenyl) propanoate (HFP). The prophylactic activity of leaf chloroform extract (DLC) and the isolated constituent were evaluated against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The treatment with DLC and HFP with concomitant CCl4 intraperitoneal injection significantly reduced the elevated plasma levels of AST, ALT, ALP, triglycerides, and cholesterol compared with the CCl4 injected group. DLC and HFP showed significant prophylactic effect on activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, and also significantly inhibited the elevated levels of MDA in liver homogenates. Results obtained in biochemical assays were well supported by histological observations. The results revealed that the hepatoprotective activity of DLC and HFP is significant and on par with the standard drug silymarin. To clarify the influence of the DLC and HFP on the protection of oxidative-hepatic damage, in vitro antioxidant properties were examined. Free radical scavenging activity was exhibited by both, the extract and the constituent. The results suggest that the DLC and HFP could protect the hepatocytes from CCl4-induced liver damage perhaps, by their anti-oxidative effect on hepatocytes

In vitro antioxidant and in vivo prophylactic effects of heptyl 3-(2-formylphenyl) propanoate isolated from Delonix elata L. against hepatoxicity in CCl4 intoxicated rats

Delonix elata L. (Family Caesalpiniaceae) has been used in the folklore medicines in Karnataka, India to cure liver and rheumatic problems. Bioassay guided fractionation of the chloroform leaf extract of D. elata has resulted in the isolation of heptyl 3-(2-formylphenyl) propanoate (HFP). The prophylactic activity of leaf chloroform extract (DLC) and the isolated constituent were evaluated against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The treatment with DLC and HFP with concomitant CCl4 intraperitoneal injection significantly reduced the elevated plasma levels of AST, ALT, ALP, triglycerides, and cholesterol compared with the CCl4 injected group. DLC and HFP showed significant prophylactic effect on activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, and also significantly inhibited the elevated levels of MDA in liver homogenates. Results obtained in biochemical assays were well supported by histological observations. The results revealed that the hepatoprotective activity of DLC and HFP is significant and on par with the standard drug silymarin. To clarify the influence of the DLC and HFP on the protection of oxidative-hepatic damage, in vitro antioxidant properties were examined. Free radical scavenging activity was exhibited by both, the extract and the constituent. The results suggest that the DLC and HFP could protect the hepatocytes from CCl4-induced liver damage perhaps, by their anti-oxidative effect on hepatocytes

open access www.bioinformation.net Hypothesis Volume 9(12)

In silico analyses of metabolic pathway and protein interaction network for identification of next gen therapeutic targets in Chlamydophila pneumonia

Isolation, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity studies of bioactive compounds from Alseodaphne semecarpifolia Nees

Alseodaphne semecarpifolia (Lauraceae) is a traditional medicinal plant historically used in Indian Western Ghats to treat various human diseases. From the past few decades it has been traditionally recognized as an effective agent in cancer treatment. The phytochemical investigation of the stem bark and leaves of A. semecarpifolia led to the isolation of bioactive flavonoid compounds Icariin and Baicalein. Their structures were elucidated from obtained spectral data (1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H 1H COSY, FTIR and MS). Cytotoxic activity of Icariin and Baicalein evaluated against MCF-7 cells revealed their potent activity with an IC50 of 42.15 ± 4.78 μg/ml and 44.37 ± 3.46 μg/ml, respectively, while very least effect was observed on normal cells (L6). Present study has suggested that both Icariin and Baicalein have potent cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells

In Silico Antitubercular Activity Analysis of Benzofuran and Naphthofuran Derivatives

For the human health, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is the deadliest enemy since decades due to its multidrug resistant strains. During latent stage of tuberculosis infection, MTB consumes nitrate as the alternate mechanism of respiration in the absence of oxygen, thus increasing its survival and virulence. NarL is a nitrate/nitrite response transcriptional regulatory protein of two-component signal transduction system which regulates nitrate reductase and formate dehydrogenase for MTB adaptation to anaerobic condition. Phosphorylation by sensor kinase (NarX) is the primary mechanism behind the activation of NarL although many response regulators get activated by small molecule phospho-donors in the absence of sensor kinase. Using in silico approach, the molecular docking of benzofuran and naphthofuran derivatives and dynamic study of benzofuran derivative were performed. It was observed that compound Ethyl 5-bromo-3-ethoxycarbonylamino-1-benzofuran-2-carboxylate could be stabilized at the active site for over 10 ns of simulation. Here we suggest that derivatives of benzofuran moiety can lead to developing novel antituberculosis drugs

Caryophyllene-Rich Essential Oil of Didymocarpus tomentosa: Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic Activity

The essential oil from the leaves of Didymocarpus tomentosa was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. Twenty five constituents amounting to 81.6% of the oil were identified. The leaf oil contained 78.7% sesquiterpenes and 2.9% monoterpenes. The leaf essential oil of D. tomentosa is a unique caryophyllene-rich natural source containing beta-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, alpha-humulene and humulene oxide. The cytotoxic activity of the oil was determined by the BSLT using shrimp larva and the MTT assay using HeLa tumor cell line. The oil showed significant cytotoxic activity with LC50 and IC50 values of 12.26 and 11.4 mu g/mL, respectively. This is the first report on the chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of the essential oil of D. tomentosa