Disparity line utilization factor based optimal placement of IPFC for congestion management

Recently, due to the adoption of power reforms, there is a marked increase of contracted power that flows in the transmission line and also the spontaneous power exchanges leading to complex power transmission congestion problems. The appearance of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices specifically Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) has opened up new opportunities to overcome the congestion problem by increasing the possible system load. Hence, the optimal placement of FACTS devices is deservedly an issue of great importance. This paper proposes a Disparity Line Utilization Factor (DLUF) for the optimal placement of IPFC to control the congestion in transmission lines. DLUF determines the difference between the percentage MVA utilization of each line connected to the same bus. The proposed method is implemented for IEEE–14 and IEEE-57 bus test system. The IPFC is placed in all possible line combinations of IEEE-14 bus system to check the validity of the proposed methodology. To confirm the generality of the proposed method, the technique is also implemented and verified for IEEE-57 bus test system. An increased load of 110% and 125% is applied, and the results are presented and analysed in detail to establish the effectiveness of the proposed methodology

Tip Speed Ratio Based MPPT Algorithm and Improved Field Oriented Control for Extracting Optimal Real power and Independent Reactive Power Control for Grid Connected Doubly Fed Induction Generator

Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) needs to get adopted to change in wind speeds with sudden change in reactive power or grid terminal voltage as it is required for maintaining synchronism and stability as per modern grid rules. This paper proposes a controller for DFIG converters and optimal tip speed ratio based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for turbine to maintain equilibrium in rotor speed, generator torque, and stator and rotor voltages and also to meet desired reference real power during the turbulences like sudden change in reactive power or voltage with concurrently changing wind speed. The performance of DFIG is compared when there is change in wind speed only, changes in reactive power and variation in grid voltage along with variation in wind speed

Contingency management of power system with Interline Power Flow Controller using Real Power Performance Index and Line Stability Index

As a result of privatization of the electrical industry the power transmission lines have to transfer power at their maximum transmission limits because of the competitive scenario of the electrical market. Hence, secured operation of power system has become one of the most important issues of modern era. In this paper, a probability of severity based placement strategy for Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) has been proposed based on Composite Severity Index (CSI). The composite severity index provides an exact measure of stress in the line in terms of mega watt overloading and voltage instability. IPFC is placed on the line which has the highest probability of severity during the occurrence of different outages. The IPFC has been tuned for a multi-objective function using Differential Evolution (DE) and the results have been compared with genetic Algorithm (GA). To verify the proposed method, it has been tested and implemented on IEEE 14 and 57 bus systems

Minimisation of electric field stress at triple junction of a functionally graded cone type spacer in a gas insulated busduct with metal inserts

Insulation integrity of supporting insulator plays a vital role for determining the continuity of service of the gas insulated substation which depends upon the electric field stress distribution on the surface of the spacer. Triple junction formed by the conductor, SF(6) gas and support insulator is another critical area where the field stress is to be maintained at minimum value. Shape control is a technique employed for obtaining uniform field stress along the surface of the spacer but this technique may sometimes leads to very uneven shapes. In this study, a functional graded material is designed for the standard cone type spacer to obtain uniform field stress along the surface of spacer to overcome the above problem. The grading of spacer is done with different permittivities. Electric field is computed for three cases namely grading to high, grading to low and U Shape. The metal inserts were tuned and stress is obtained in account of lower fields at the triple point junction and an improved uniform field distribution along the surface is obtained

A Combinatory Index based Optimal Reallocation of Generators in the presence of SVC using Krill Herd Algorithm

In the new competitive electric world, it is compulsory for the electrical industry to make effective utilization of the available resources. Optimal tuning of generators and implementation of FACTS devices has been found to be very effective in this regard. In this paper, a combination strategy of optimal tuning of generators using Krill herd (KH) algorithm in the presence of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) has been proposed. A combinatory index (CI), which is a combination of Vi/Vo index and L-index, has been formulated and verified for obtaining the optimal location of SVC. A multi objective function has been formulated for tuning the generators. The results obtained after performing Optimal Power Flow on an IEEE 30 bus system for normal loading and for severe system conditions due to line outage in the presence of SVC using KH has been verified with that of GA, to prove the effectiveness of the chosen methodology

Mitigation of field stress with metal inserts for cone type spacer in a gas insulated busduct under delamination

Increased power demand and energy density in cities resulted in the establishment of Gas insulated systems (GIS) as a substitute for the conventional air-insulated substations. Reliable and efficient design of the modules in GIS has been a major concern for the power engineers. Major dielectric strength breakdown and surface flashover causes were reported due to insulator failures like excessive field enhancements at the triple point junction formed by the electrode-gas-insulator interface. The insight of reducing the field along the surface of the spacer exhaustive field study was carried out on a conical spacer. Initially, a field study was carried out with a normal type spacer then extended to a molded spacer done with various shapes to obtain an optimal field spread. This Shape control may sometimes lead to very uneven shapes. Further, a functional graded material (FGM) is designed for the standard cone type spacer to obtain uniform field stress along the surface of a spacer to overcome the above problem. The grading of the spacer is done with different permittivities. Electric field is computed for different cases of graded spacers and Tuned Metal inserts and recessed electrodes were also imbibed in the spacer geometry for a better field distribution. The work was validated by comparing the optimal mold spacer field distribution with that of the FGM cone type spacer. Inspite of proper care taken during the manufacture, working, and maintenance of the spacers several flaws do occur. The delamination effect is considered and similar analysis is carried out and the results are presented and analyzed. Keywords: Gas insulated busduct, Insulation, Insulator, Electric fiel

Strategic Placement of Solar Power Plant and Interline Power Flow Controllers for Prevention of Blackouts

In these post COVID times, the world is going through a massive restructuring which India can use to its benefit by attracting foreign industrial investment. The major requirement is a reliable and ecofriendly electrical power source. Of late, renewable energy sources have increasingly become popular as alternative source of electricity. They can provide immense aid in improving the reliability of the power system, when placed properly. The alternative integrated energy sources along with FACTS devices can provide a promising future for reliable power systems. In this paper, an effective location for the solar power unit and Interline Power Flow Controller using Line Severity Index is proposed in order to avoid contingencies. An Indian 62 bus system and IEEE 57 bus system are considered for the study. The Firefly algorithm is used to tune the IPFC in the Integrated Energy Systems scenario, for a dual objective function. The effect of placement of the solar unit and the optimized IPFC is analyzed and studied in detail in this paper

Strategic Placement of Solar Power Plant and Interline Power Flow Controllers for Prevention of Blackouts

In these post COVID times, the world is going through a massive restructuring which India can use to its benefit by attracting foreign industrial investment. The major requirement is a reliable and ecofriendly electrical power source. Of late, renewable energy sources have increasingly become popular as alternative source of electricity. They can provide immense aid in improving the reliability of the power system, when placed properly. The alternative integrated energy sources along with FACTS devices can provide a promising future for reliable power systems. In this paper, an effective location for the solar power unit and Interline Power Flow Controller using Line Severity Index is proposed in order to avoid contingencies. An Indian 62 bus system and IEEE 57 bus system are considered for the study. The Firefly algorithm is used to tune the IPFC in the Integrated Energy Systems scenario, for a dual objective function. The effect of placement of the solar unit and the optimized IPFC is analyzed and studied in detail in this paper