Simulating Cohort Earnings for Australia.

This paper describes a dynamic microsimulation model of cohort earnings developed to consider redistribution during the working-lifetime in Australia. Microsimulation models were first used for economic analysis by Orcutt (1957), and are now commonly employed to undertake policy analyses in many countries around the world.INCOME ; SIMULATION ; ECONOMIC MODELS

The Economics of the Gift

gift-giving;reciprocity;adequacy;social approval.

Distributional Limits and GINI Coefficient.

This paper examines the Gini (1912) coefficient of concentration using the framework set out by Dalton (1920) for evaluating a measure of inequality. Particular attention is paid to limited distributions and the associated concept of 'perfect inequality'. It is argued that a rescaled version of the Gini coefficient may be desirable for distributions that are subject to limits which depart from the standard assumption of non-negativity. A scaling parameter is derived and the rescaled Ginin coefficient is used to analyse the inequality of wealth in Australia.WEALTH DISTRIBUTION ; ECONOMIC MODELS

Fuzzy !-automata and its relationships

A notion of finite ! - automata with single initial state is proposed. The concept of fuzzy deterministic Buchi automaton and Muller automaton with full acceptance component which is recognize the same fuzzy language are studied. We also establish the relationship between fuzzy deterministic Rabin automaton and Muller automaton. Further, we define the transition fuzzy ! - automata and show that these automata recognize the same fuzzy language as in the fuzzy ! - automata. Finally, we give some closure properties of fuzzy deterministic ! - automata

U.S. Antidumping Policies: The Case of Steel

This paper examines the controversy surrounding recent allegations that foreign producers are dumping steel products onto U.S. markets. The paper is in four sections, which take four quite distinct views of dumping and recent U.S. antidumping policies, emphasizing the changing definition of dumping and the development of administrative procedures. Section II focuses on the application of these procedures to the international steel trade, taking as a case study the most noteworthy of recent innovations : the Trigger Price Mechanism for steel. Section III considers models that can be used to analyze dumping. The models of most relevance to the practices currently at issue in the steel industry seem to us models of oligopolistic rivalry in imperfectly competitive, segmented markets. We develop a model designed to identify crucial factors upon which the incidence of dumping will depend: the number of firms producing for each national market,their costs, their market shares, and the extent to which they recognizeand exploit their mutual dependence. Finally, in Section IV we calibrate these models to illustrate how the extent of dumping and the effects of the TPM depend on the model's parameters.

On the Viability of Gift Exchange in a Market Environment

Is gift-exchange inevitably to be crowded out by impersonal market exchange? The presence of a thick-market externality indicates that this is indeed likely to be the case. But reciprocity or gift-exchange induces social relations. The utility function is extended in order to take account of social relations in the form of symbolic utility or moral sentiments. As long as moral sentiments are valued high enough it is shown that both market and gift-exchange can coexist. The spontaneous order need not necessarily select the most efficient market size however.exchange;reciprocity;gifts;moral and extended preferences