RETOUR SUR LES «BONE ENCLOSURES» DE VROKASTRO : ELEMENTS DE DATATION ET PRATIQUES FUNERAIRES

This study aims to make new insights into the twelve bone enclosures discovered at Vrokastro (Eastern Crete) by E. Hall. When she published her excavations, she concentrated her analyses on the material from the settlement and the Chamber Tombs, but the bone enclosures were eclipsed because the finds were less impressive and in a worse state. Following E. Hall, historiography states that the Chamber tombs were prior to the Bone enclosures, as inhumations prior to cremations.As the ceramics were less numerous, poorly accounted for, and now mainly lost, our study concentrates on the case of the small finds, notably the fibulae, which are still available and numerous for each bone enclosure, including the enchytrismoi.This leads us to make some new observations about the local funerary practices of Vrokastro and to offer a more accurate and balanced view of the history of the settlement. This study reveals that it is not accurate to systematically oppose chamber tombs/inhumations and bone enclosures/cremations after SM. During the Protogeometric period, cremation and inhumation rituals were simultaneously available in time and space to the people of Vrokastro. It is also true that during this period we find the ferments of the urban expansion occurring at the end of the IXth century BC

RETOUR SUR LES «BONE ENCLOSURES» DE VROKASTRO : ELEMENTS DE DATATION ET PRATIQUES FUNERAIRES

This study aims to make new insights into the twelve bone enclosures discovered at Vrokastro (Eastern Crete) by E. Hall. When she published her excavations, she concentrated her analyses on the material from the settlement and the Chamber Tombs, but the bone enclosures were eclipsed because the finds were less impressive and in a worse state. Following E. Hall, historiography states that the Chamber tombs were prior to the Bone enclosures, as inhumations prior to cremations.As the ceramics were less numerous, poorly accounted for, and now mainly lost, our study concentrates on the case of the small finds, notably the fibulae, which are still available and numerous for each bone enclosure, including the enchytrismoi.This leads us to make some new observations about the local funerary practices of Vrokastro and to offer a more accurate and balanced view of the history of the settlement. This study reveals that it is not accurate to systematically oppose chamber tombs/inhumations and bone enclosures/cremations after SM. During the Protogeometric period, cremation and inhumation rituals were simultaneously available in time and space to the people of Vrokastro. It is also true that during this period we find the ferments of the urban expansion occurring at the end of the IXth century BC

Saint-Rémy-de-Provence – Le macellum de Glanum

Identifiant de l'opération archéologique : 8264 et 8365 Date de l'opération : 2007 (FP) Inventeur(s) : Paillet Jean-Louis (CNRS) ; Marcadal Yves (CNRS) ; Velho Gilles (SUP) La campagne de fouille 2007 a été consacrée à l’exécution de quelques sondages complémentaires (BSR PACA, 2005 : 143 ; 2006 : 164-165) dans le macellum de Glanum (Fig. n°1 : Numérotation des espaces et des sondages) : Pièce F, sondages S1 et S11 L’achèvement du sondage S1 a permis de compléter l’information sur la mise en..

Sondage stratigraphique du palais d'Amathonte en 1997. Nature et chronologie du premier état

International audienceCet article a pour objectif de revenir sur la chronologie du palais d'Amathonte et d'apporter de nouveaux éléments dans la discussion sur la naissance des royaumes chypriotes au début de l'Âge du fer. L'étude débute par une présentation du matériel céramique qui n'est sans poser des problèmes sur la chronotypologie de la céramique chypriote établie par E. Gjertsad. Finalement, le premier état du palais daterait de la première phase du Chypro-Géométrique III (seconde moitié du IXe siècle av. J.-C.)

Sondage stratigraphique au palais d'Amathonte en 1997. Nature et chronologie du premier état

Το 1997 πραγματοποιήθηκε μια βαθιά τομή στη νοτιοδυτική γωνία του δωματίου V του ανακτόρου της Αμαθούντος, στο σημείο όπου υπήρχε η υποψία ότι είχαν διατηρηθεί τα δάπεδα των τριών διαδοχικών φάσεων του κτιρίου. Η πρώτη φάση έδωσε πολλές πληροφορίες, σε αντίθεση με τις δυο τελευταίες. Μια κυλινδρική βάση κίονα από ασβεστόλιθο ήταν ενσωματωμένη στο γύψινο δάπεδο. Η συνέχιση της τομής στο δυτικό μόνο μισό οδήγησε στην ανακάλυψη μιας σχετικά μεγάλης ποσότητας οστράκων. Πρόκειται για ντόπια κεραμεική, την οποίαν οι παραδοσιακές μέθοδοι, που βασίζονται στην τυπολογία, αλλά και αναλύσεις με θερμοφωταύγεια, χρονολογούν στο δεύτερο μισό του 9ου αι. π. Χ. Η παρουσία ενός κίονα σε ένα κτίριο αυτής της εποχής δείχνει ότι πρόκειται αναμφίβολα για ένα επίσημο κτίριο, κατά πάσα πιθανότητα το πρώτο ανάκτορο της πόλης-βασιλείου, καθώς και του παλαιότερου έως σήμερα γνωστού ανακτόρου της εποχής του σιδήρου στην Κύπρο. Μια τέτοια ανακάλυψη έχει κεφαλαιώδη σημασία για το ζήτημα της εποχής κατά την οποίαν εμφανίζονται οι νησιωτικές πόλεις-βασίλεια.During the 1997 campaign in the palace of Amathus the floors of the three successive phases of the building were discovered in a deep sounding in the south-west corner of the room V. The excavation provided few indications concerning the second and third phases. However a cylindrical-shaped column basis was embedded within the first floor. Under this floor a relatively great number of sherds of local ware was unearthed, dated back to the second half of the 9th century B.C., according to the traditional typology method and thermoluminescence analysis. The column itself can only belong to a monumental building, i.e. the first palace ofAmathus, and moreover the oldest Iron Age palace on Cyprus. This discovery constitutes a key contribution to the debate about the time when the city-kingdoms appeareadEn 1997, un sondage profond fut réalisé dans l'angle sud-ouest de la pièce V du palais d'Amathonte, là où l'on soupçonnait que les sols des trois états successifs du bâtiment étaient conservés. Si les deux derniers états ne fournirent que peu d'indications, il en fut tout autrement du premier. Une base de colonne en calcaire, de forme cylindrique, était enchâssée dans le sol en plâtre. La poursuite du sondage, dans la seule moitié ouest, permit de mettre au jour une quantité de tessons relativement importante. Il s'agit de céramique locale que les méthodes traditionnelles de la typologie et des analyses de thermolumniscence ont permis de dater de la seconde moitié du IXe siècle av. J.-C. La présence d'une colonne dans un édifice de cette époque indique qu'il s'agit sans aucun doute d'un bâtiment d'apparat, selon toute vraisemblance du premier palais de la cité-royaume, mais aussi du plus ancien palais de l'âge du fer actuellement connu à Chypre. Une telle découverte est d'une importance majeure dans l'actuel débat sur l'époque d'apparition des cités-royaumes insulaire.Alpe Laurence, Petit Thierry, Velho Gilles. Sondage stratigraphique au palais d'Amathonte en 1997. Nature et chronologie du premier état. In: Bulletin de correspondance hellénique. Volume 131, livraison 1, 2007. pp. 1-35

Glucagon revisited : Coordinated actions on the liver and kidney

International audienceGlucagon secretion is stimulated by a low plasma glucose concentration. By activating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver, glucagon contributes to maintain a normal glycemia. Glucagon secretion is also stimulated by the intake of proteins, and glucagon contributes to amino acid metabolism and nitrogen excretion. Amino acids are used for gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis, two metabolic pathways that are closely associated. Intriguingly, cyclic AMP, the second messenger of glucagon action in the liver, is released into the bloodstream becoming an extracellular messenger. These effects depend not only on glucagon itself but on the actual glucagon/insulin ratio because insulin counteracts glucagon action on the liver.This review revisits the role of glucagon in nitrogen metabolism and in disposal of nitrogen wastes. This role involves coordinated actions of glucagon on the liver and kidney. Glucagon influences the transport of fluid and solutes in the distal tubule and collecting duct, and extracellular cAMP influences proximal tubule reabsorption. These combined effects increase the fractional excretion of urea, sodium, potassium and phosphates. Moreover, the simultaneous actions of glucagon and extracellular cAMP are responsible, at least in part, for the protein-induced rise in glomerular filtration rate that contributes to a more efficient excretion of protein-derived end products

Acute and chronic hyperglycemic effects of vasopressin in normal rats : Involvement of V1A receptors

Recent epidemiological studies have revealed novel relationships between low water intake or high vasopressin (AVP) and the risk of hyperglycemia and diabetes. AVP V1A and V1B receptors (R) are expressed in the liver and pancreatic islets, respectively. The present study was designed to determine the impact of different levels of circulating AVP on glucose homeostasis in normal Sprague-Dawley rats, as well as the respective roles of V1AR and V1BR. We showed that acute injection of AVP induces a dosedependent increase in glycemia. Pretreatment with a selective V1AR antagonist, but not a V1BR antagonist, dose-dependently prevented the rise in glycemia. V1BR antagonism did not modify the hyperinsulinemic response, resulting from AVP-induced hyperglycemia, but enhanced the fall in glucagonemia. Acute administration of selective V1AR or V1BR agonists confirmed the involvement of V1AR in the hyperglycemic effect of AVP. In chronic experiments, AVP levels were altered in both directions. Sustained AVP infusion through implantable minipumps induced a time-dependent increase in fasting glycemia, whereas lowering endogenous AVP by increasing water intake had no effect. After 4 wk of AVP infusion, the rise in glycemia amounted to 1.1 mmol/l (P < 0.01) without significant change in insulinemia. This effect was attenuated by cotreatment with a V1AR antagonist. Similar results were observed in lean Zucker rats. These findings demonstrate for the first time a causal link between chronic high AVP and hyperglycemia through V1AR activation and, thus, provide a pathophysiological explanation for the relationship observed in human cohorts between the AVP-hydration axis and the risk of diabetes