State-of-practice on as-is modelling of industrial facilities

90% of the time needed for the conversion from point clouds to 3D models of industrial facilities is spent on geometric modelling due to the sheer number of Industrial Objects (IOs) of each plant. Hence, cost reduction is only possible by automating modelling. Our previous work has successfully identified the most frequent industrial objects which are in descending order: electrical conduit, straight pipes, circular hollow sections, elbows, channels, solid bars, I-beams, angles, flanges and valves. We modelled those on a state-of-theart software, EdgeWise and then evaluated the performance of this software for pipeline and structural modelling. The modelling of pipelines is summarized in three basic steps: (a) automated extraction of cylinders, (b) their semantic classification and (c) manual extraction and editing of pipes. The results showed that cylinders are modelled with 75 % recall and 62 % precision on average. We discovered that pipes, electrical conduit and circular hollow sections require 80 % of the Total Modelling Hours (TMH) of the 10 most frequent IOs to build the plant model. TMH was then compared to modelling hours in Revit and showed that 67 % of pipe modelling time is saved by EdgeWise. This paper is the first to evaluate state-of-the-art industrial modelling software. These findings help in better understanding the problem and serve as the foundation for researchers who are interested in solving i

Accelerating the path towards carbon-free aviation

This paper, created by a group of aviation and energy experts from renowned universities and research centres in Europe, who oversee the fields of energy carriers, energy storage and conversion, propulsion, aerodynamics, flight mechanics, controls, structures, materials, multidisciplinary design, and life‐cycle engineering, aims to give an overview and assessment of promising future technologies. The paper therefore identifies the potential as well as research demands of these technologies on the path to a sustainable and more environmentally friendly aviation

Kutahu yang Kupercaya : Sebuah Penjelasan tentang Iman Kristen

Jakartax, 328 p ; 21 c

Performance Analysis Of Two Fitting Algorithms For The Measurement Of Parameterised Objects

CAD models can be used to support the measurement of man-made objects. Since it is difficult to precisely position a 3D CAD model in a 2D digital image by hand, fitting algorithms are being developed for a fast and accurate positioning. If a CAD model is approximately positioned in an image, a fitting algorithm can make use of local image gradients to fit the CAD model properly on the edges of the object in the image. In this paper two fitting algorithms are compared which differ in the estimation of the object parameters. The first algorithm examined, is the active contour model or snake algorithm minimising an energy function. The other algorithm is formulated by David Lowe and uses a least-squares adjustment. The suitability of both algorithms for model-based measurements is evaluated. The speed of both algorithms is improved by using the image gradients on a grid in a buffer around the edges of the projected CAD model. A thorough performance analysis of both fitting algorithms comp..

Brain death-induced lung injury is complement dependent, with a primary role for the classical/lectin pathway

In brain-dead donors immunological activation occurs, which deteriorates donor lung quality. Whether the complement system is activated and which pathways are herein involved, remain unknown. We aimed to investigate whether brain death (BD)-induced lung injury is complement dependent and dissected the contribution of the complement activation pathways. BD was induced and sustained for 3 hours in wild-type (WT) and complement deficient mice. C3−/− mice represented total complement deficiency, C4−/− mice represented deficiency of the classical and lectin pathway, and factor properdin (P)−/− mice represented alternative pathway deficiency. Systemic and local complement levels, histological lung injury, and pulmonary inflammation were assessed. Systemic and local complement levels were reduced in C3−/− mice. In addition, histological lung injury and inflammation were attenuated, as corroborated by influx of neutrophils and gene expressions of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8–like KC, TNF-α, E-selectin, and MCP-1. In C4−/− mice, complement was reduced on both systemic and local levels and histological lung injury and inflammatory status were ameliorated. In P−/− mice, histological lung injury was attenuated, though systemic and local complement levels, IL-6 and KC gene expressions, and neutrophil influx were not affected. We demonstrated that BD-induced lung injury is complement dependent, with a primary role for the classical/lectin activation pathway