Acute effects of high-intensity interval, resistance or combined exercise protocols on testosterone – cortisol responses in inactive overweight individuals

The purpose of this study was to compare the hormonal responses to one session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT, 4×4 min intervals at 85–95% maximum heart rate [HRmax], interspersed with 4 min of recovery at 75–85% HRmax), resistance training (RT at 50-70% of one repetition maximum 12-15 repetitions per set with 60s of recovery) or both (HIIT+RT) exercise protocol in a cohort of physical inactivity, overweight adults (age 18–30 years old). Randomized, parallel-group clinical trial among fifty-one men (23.6±3.5 yr; 83.5±7.8 kg; 28.0±1.9 kg/m2), physical inactivity (i.e. <150 min of moderate-intensity exercise per week for greater than 6 months), with abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 90 cm) or body mass index ≥ 25 and ≤ 30 kg/m2 were randomized to the following 4 groups: high-intensity interval training (n=14), resistance training (n=12), combined high- intensity interval and resistance training (n=13), or non-exercising control (n=12). Cortisol, total- and free-testosterone and total-testosterone/cortisol-ratio (T/C) assessments (all in serum) were determined before (pre) and 1-min post-exercise for each protocol session. Decreases in cortisol levels were −57.08 (95%CI, −75,58 to −38,58; P=0.001; ɳ 2=0.61) and −37.65 (95%CI, −54,36 to −20,93; P=0.001; ɳ 2=0.51) in the HIIT and control group, respectively. Increases in T/C ratio were 0.022 (95%CI, 0.012 to 0.031; P=0.001; ɳ 2=0.49) and 0.015 (95%CI, 0.004 to 0.025; P=0.007; ɳ 2=0.29) in the HIIT and control group, respectively. In per-protocol analyses revealed significant change in cortisol levels [interaction effect F(7.777), ɳ 2=0.33] and T/C ratio [interaction effect F(5.298), ɳ 2=0.25] between groups over time. The present data indicate a HIIT reduced cortisol and increased total- testosterone/cortisol-ratio levels significantly in physical inactive adults. Further study is required to determine the biological importance of these changes in hormonal responses in overweight men.2020-05-07 01:01:01: Script de automatizacion de embargos. info:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2020-05-0

Acute effect of three different exercise training modalities on executive function in overweight inactive men: A secondary analysis of the BrainFit study

7 páginasThere is currently a consensus about the positive effects of physical exercise on cognition. However, the exercise intensity-dependent effect on executive function remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT), progressive resistance training (PRT), or combined training (PRT + HIIT) on executive function indicators in overweight inactive adult men (aged 18–30 years old). The participants were screened and excluded for medical conditions known to impact cognitive functioning, which was measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening cognitive test. A randomised, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted among 36 adults who were randomly assigned to a HIIT (n = 12), PRT (n = 7), PRT + HIIT (n = 7), or control group (n = 10) until the energy expenditure of 400–500 kcal. Cognitive inhibition and attention capacity were examined using the Stroop test and d2 test of attention, respectively, and were obtained pre-exercise for baseline measurement and 1 min post-exercise for each exercise training modality. Cognitive inhibition measured by the Stroop test was improved after the HIIT protocol for the domains of reading by +5.89 (η2 = 0.33), colour naming +9.0 (η2 = 0.60), interference +10.1 (η2 = 0.39), and index interference +6.0 (η2 = 0.20). Additionally, the PRT + HIIT group had an increase for the reading condition of +7.1 (η2 = 0.40), colour naming +7.5 (η2 = 0.80), and interference +5.8 (η2 = 0.39). In regard to attentional capacity, the HIIT group elicited small to medium improvements in the concentration level domain of +21.7 (η2 = 0.44), total performance domain +56.6 (η2 = 0.50), and consistency domain −3.0 (η2 = 0.27). These results were similar in the PRT and PRT + HIIT groups in the concentration level and items-processed domains (P < 0.05). In conclusion, acute HIIT and PRT + HIIT sessions reported important effect sizes than PRT alone for cognitive inhibition and attention capacity. Taken together, the results suggest that even short-term exercise interventions can enhance overweight adults' executive functions

Acute effects of high-intensity interval, resistance or combined exercise protocols on testosterone – cortisol responses in inactive overweight individuals

The purpose of this study was to compare the hormonal responses to one session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT, 4×4 min intervals at 85–95% maximum heart rate [HRmax], interspersed with 4 min of recovery at 75–85% HRmax), resistance training (RT at 50-70% of one repetition maximum 12-15 repetitions per set with 60s of recovery) or both (HIIT+RT) exercise protocol in a cohort of physical inactivity, overweight adults (age 18–30 years old). Randomized, parallel-group clinical trial among fifty-one men (23.6±3.5 yr; 83.5±7.8 kg; 28.0±1.9 kg/m2), physical inactivity (i.e. <150 min of moderate-intensity exercise per week for greater than 6 months), with abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 90 cm) or body mass index ≥ 25 and ≤ 30 kg/m2 were randomized to the following 4 groups: high-intensity interval training (n=14), resistance training (n=12), combined high- intensity interval and resistance training (n=13), or non-exercising control (n=12). Cortisol, total- and free-testosterone and total-testosterone/cortisol-ratio (T/C) assessments (all in serum) were determined before (pre) and 1-min post-exercise for each protocol session. Decreases in cortisol levels were −57.08 (95%CI, −75,58 to −38,58; P=0.001; ɳ 2=0.61) and −37.65 (95%CI, −54,36 to −20,93; P=0.001; ɳ 2=0.51) in the HIIT and control group, respectively. Increases in T/C ratio were 0.022 (95%CI, 0.012 to 0.031; P=0.001; ɳ 2=0.49) and 0.015 (95%CI, 0.004 to 0.025; P=0.007; ɳ 2=0.29) in the HIIT and control group, respectively. In per-protocol analyses revealed significant change in cortisol levels [interaction effect F(7.777), ɳ 2=0.33] and T/C ratio [interaction effect F(5.298), ɳ 2=0.25] between groups over time. The present data indicate a HIIT reduced cortisol and increased total- testosterone/cortisol-ratio levels significantly in physical inactive adults. Further study is required to determine the biological importance of these changes in hormonal responses in overweight men

Acute effects of high intensity, resistance, or combined protocol on the increase of level of neurotrophic factors in physically inactive overweight adults : The BrainFit study

The purpose of this study was to compare the neurotrophic factor response following one session of high-intensity exercise, resistance training or both in a cohort of physically inactive overweight adults aged 18-30 years old. A randomized, parallel-group clinical trial of 51 men (23.6 ± 3.5 years; 83.5 ± 7.8 kg; 28.0 ± 1.9 kg/m2) who are physically inactive (i.e., &lt; 150 min of moderate-intensity exercise per week or IPAQ score of &lt; 600 MET min/week for &gt; 6 months) and are either abdominally obese (waist circumference ≥90 cm) or have a body mass index, BMI ≥25 and ≤ 30 kg/m2 were randomized to the following four exercise protocols: high-intensity exercise (4 × 4 min intervals at 85-95% maximum heart rate [HRmax] interspersed with 4 min of recovery at 75-85% HRmax) (n = 14), resistance training (12-15 repetitions per set, at 50-70% of one repetition maximum with 60 s of recovery) (n = 12), combined high-intensity and resistance exercise (n = 13), or non-exercising control (n = 12). The plasma levels of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (also known as neurotrophin 4/5; NT-4 or NT-4/5), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were determined before (pre-exercise) and 1-min post-exercise for each protocol session. Resistance training induced significant increases in NT-3 (+39.6 ng/mL [95% CI, 2.5-76.6; p = 0.004], and NT-4/5 (+1.3 ng/mL [95% CI, 0.3-2.3; p = 0.014]), respectively. Additionally, combined training results in favorable effects on BDNF (+22.0, 95% CI, 2.6-41.5; p = 0.029) and NT-3 (+32.9 ng/mL [95% CI, 12.3-53.4; p = 0.004]), respectively. The regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between changes in BDNF levels and changes in NT-4/5 levels from baseline to immediate post-exercise in the combined training group (R2 = 0.345, p = 0.034) but not the other intervention groups. The findings indicate that acute resistance training and combined exercise increase neurotrophic factors in physically inactive overweight adults. Further studies are required to determine the biological importance of changes in neurotrophic responses in overweight men and chronic effects of these exercise protocols. © 2018 Domínguez-Sanchéz, Bustos-Cruz, Velasco-Orjuela, Quintero, Tordecilla-Sanders, Correa-Bautista, Triana-Reina, García-Hermoso, González-Ruíz, Peña-Guzmán, Hernández, Peña-Ibagon, Téllez-T, Izquierdo and Ramírez-Vélez

Efectos agudos de la alta intensidad, la resistencia o el protocolo combinado sobre el aumento del nivel de factores neurotróficos en adultos con sobrepeso físicamente inactivos: el estudio BrainFit

130 páginasPhysical activity (PA) and is a very promising intervention for the modulation of both health span and lifespan in a number of species. Substantial evidence already exists in support of multipronged PA and exercise counselling, prescription and referral strategies. Evidence shows that PA has a significant role, in many cases comparable or superior to drug interventions, in the prevention and treatment of more than 40 non-communicable chronic diseases such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, depression, Alzheimer’s, arthritis, and osteoporosis. Physical activity, as an intervention, is one of the most important components in improving the functional capacity of frail seniors. Accordingly, an important conceptual idea for frailty is that the focus should be on functionality and not on the diagnosis of disease for older patients.Actividad física (AF) y es una intervención muy prometedora para la modulación tanto de la salud como de la esperanza de vida en varias especies. Ya existe evidencia sustancial que respalda las estrategias múltiples de asesoramiento, prescripción y derivación de AF y ejercicio. La evidencia muestra que la AP tiene un papel importante, en muchos casos comparable o superior a las intervenciones farmacológicas, en la prevención y el tratamiento de más de 40 enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles como la obesidad, las enfermedades cardíacas, la diabetes, la hipertensión, el cáncer, la depresión, el Alzheimer, artritis y osteoporosis. La actividad física, como intervención, es uno de los componentes más importantes para mejorar la capacidad funcional de las personas mayores frágiles. En consecuencia, una idea conceptual importante sobre la fragilidad es que la atención debe centrarse en la funcionalidad y no en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad en pacientes mayores

Acute effects of high intensity, resistance, or combined protocol on the increase of level of neurotrophic factors in physically inactive overweight adults : The BrainFit study

The purpose of this study was to compare the neurotrophic factor response following one session of high-intensity exercise, resistance training or both in a cohort of physically inactive overweight adults aged 18-30 years old. A randomized, parallel-group clinical trial of 51 men (23.6 ± 3.5 years; 83.5 ± 7.8 kg; 28.0 ± 1.9 kg/m2) who are physically inactive (i.e., &lt; 150 min of moderate-intensity exercise per week or IPAQ score of &lt; 600 MET min/week for &gt; 6 months) and are either abdominally obese (waist circumference ≥90 cm) or have a body mass index, BMI ≥25 and ≤ 30 kg/m2 were randomized to the following four exercise protocols: high-intensity exercise (4 × 4 min intervals at 85-95% maximum heart rate [HRmax] interspersed with 4 min of recovery at 75-85% HRmax) (n = 14), resistance training (12-15 repetitions per set, at 50-70% of one repetition maximum with 60 s of recovery) (n = 12), combined high-intensity and resistance exercise (n = 13), or non-exercising control (n = 12). The plasma levels of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (also known as neurotrophin 4/5; NT-4 or NT-4/5), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were determined before (pre-exercise) and 1-min post-exercise for each protocol session. Resistance training induced significant increases in NT-3 (+39.6 ng/mL [95% CI, 2.5-76.6; p = 0.004], and NT-4/5 (+1.3 ng/mL [95% CI, 0.3-2.3; p = 0.014]), respectively. Additionally, combined training results in favorable effects on BDNF (+22.0, 95% CI, 2.6-41.5; p = 0.029) and NT-3 (+32.9 ng/mL [95% CI, 12.3-53.4; p = 0.004]), respectively. The regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between changes in BDNF levels and changes in NT-4/5 levels from baseline to immediate post-exercise in the combined training group (R2 = 0.345, p = 0.034) but not the other intervention groups. The findings indicate that acute resistance training and combined exercise increase neurotrophic factors in physically inactive overweight adults. Further studies are required to determine the biological importance of changes in neurotrophic responses in overweight men and chronic effects of these exercise protocols. © 2018 Domínguez-Sanchéz, Bustos-Cruz, Velasco-Orjuela, Quintero, Tordecilla-Sanders, Correa-Bautista, Triana-Reina, García-Hermoso, González-Ruíz, Peña-Guzmán, Hernández, Peña-Ibagon, Téllez-T, Izquierdo and Ramírez-Vélez