5 research outputs found

    Methodological Proposal for the Formulation of a Conceptualization of the Language Use of an English Certification Test as a Foreign Language

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    This article describes the procedure followed to formulate a conceptualization of the Target Language Use Domain for the Graduation Test of English (EXEDII). Language tests consider four abilities: listening, reading, speaking and writing, but a controversy exists about the conceptualization of the measured construct since the use of language in the real environment is neither fractioned in separate entities, nor used in a single situation. Thus it seems useful to make a conceptualization of the field before constructing or validating tests. Taking into account the adaptability of language use depending on the situation, four concatenated activities for collecting information were designed. A Focus Group and interviews provided the opinion of experts in teaching. Also, comparisons were made between the descriptions of the intermediate level of proficiency used by international institutions, a centre of language teaching and a couple of English language proficiency tests. The integration of this information produced the conceptualization which will be used as a criterion for the content validation of the EXEDII test.</span

    Propuesta metodol贸gica para la formulaci贸n de una conceptualizaci贸n del constructo de un examen de certificaci贸n del ingl茅s como lengua extranjera

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    Este art铆culo describe el procedimiento utilizado para formular una conceptualizaci贸n del Dominio de Uso de la Lengua Meta (DULM) para el Examen de Egreso del Idioma Ingl茅s (EXEDII). Los ex谩menes para el manejo de idiomas parten de la postulaci贸n de cuatro habilidades: comprensi贸n auditiva y lectora, discurso hablado y escritura. Existe una controversia acerca de esa forma de conceptualizar el constructo a medir, ya que el uso del lenguaje en el ambiente real no se manifiesta como entidades separadas. Por ello, resulta 煤til, antes de construir o validar los ex谩menes, elaborar una conceptualizaci贸n del dominio a medir. Se consider贸 la adaptabilidad del uso del lenguaje y la situaci贸n en que 茅ste se utiliza para dise帽ar cuatro actividades concatenadas y recabar informaci贸n que permitiera formular una conceptualizaci贸n de su uso. Mediante un grupo de enfoque y entrevistas, se recogieron las opiniones de expertos. Posteriormente, se compararon las descripciones de las competencias correspondientes al nivel intermedio de dominio del ingl茅s utilizadas por organismos internacionales, un centro de ense帽anza de lenguas y en ex谩menes para certificaci贸n del ingl茅s como lengua extranjera. La integraci贸n de la informaci贸n produjo la conceptualizaci贸n utilizada como criterio de comparaci贸n en la validaci贸n de contenido del EXEDII, que es un examen de certificaci贸n del ingl茅s, como lengua extranjera

    Anxiety as a predictor of anorexia and bulimia risk: Comparison between universitaries of Baja California and Mexico City / Ansiedad como predictor del riesgo de anorexia y bulimia: Comparaci贸n entre universitarios de Baja California y Ciudad de M茅xico

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    Abstract Although anxiety seems to be a constant in patients with eating disorders (ED), little is known about its interaction with other variables. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to compare the risk of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) based on the sex of participants, degree of anxiety and city of residence. The study is a non-experimental and cross-sectional design. The sample was nonrandom and consisted of 857 college students (67% female and 33% male) with a mean age of 21.96 years (SD = 4.84), 42% were Mexico City residents and 58% were from Ensenada city. Participants completed two self-report scales, one for assessing risk of AN and BN, and other to measure anxiety. The findings show that the degree of anxiety differs according to the city of residence, being higher in Ensenada city. In addition, a significant interaction was found between the variables; for instance, the risk of BN in Ensenada city residents increases as anxiety increases. Therefore, it is confirmed not only the importance of sex and anxiety on eating disorders, but also the interaction of these two variables with the city of residence.聽 Resumen Aunque la ansiedad parece ser una constante en los pacientes con trastorno de la conducta alimentaria , poco se sabe sobre su interacci贸n con otras variables. Por tanto, el objetivo principal de este estudio fue comparar el riesgo de anorexia nerviosa (AN) y bulimia nerviosa (BN) en funci贸n del sexo, el grado de ansiedad y la ciudad de residencia. Se trabaj贸 con un dise帽o no experimental-transversal y una muestra no probabil铆stica conformada por 857 estudiantes universitarios (67% mujeres y 33% hombres), con edad promedio de 21.96 a帽os (DE = 4.84), el 42% residentes en la Ciudad de M茅xico y el 58% en la ciudad de Ensenada. Los participantes completaron聽dos escalas de autoreporte, una para evaluar riesgo de AN y BN, y otra para medir la ansiedad. Los hallazgos evidencian que el grado de ansiedad difiere en funci贸n de la ciudad de residencia, siendo mayor en Ensenada. Adem谩s, se encontr贸 una interacci贸n significativa entre las variables; por ejemplo, en los residentes en la ciudad de Ensenada, el riesgo de BN se incrementa cuando la ansiedad aumenta. Por tanto, se confirma no s贸lo la relevancia del sexo y la ansiedad sobre los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, si no tambi茅n de la interacci贸n de dichas variables con la ciudad de residencia.聽

    Anxiety as a predictor of anorexia and bulimia risk: Comparison between universitaries of Baja California and Mexico City

    No full text
    Although anxiety seems to be a constant in patients with eating disorders (ED), little is known about its interaction with other variables. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to compare the risk of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) based on the sex of participants, degree of anxiety and city of residence. The study is a non-experimental and cross-sectional design. The sample was nonrandom and consisted of 857 college students (67% female and 33% male) with a mean age of 21.96 years (SD = 4.84), 42% were Mexico City residents and 58% were from Ensenada city. Participants completed two self-report scales, one for assessing risk of AN and BN, and other to measure anxiety. The findings show that the degree of anxiety differs according to the city of residence, being higher in Ensenada city. In addition, a significant interaction was found between the variables; for instance, the risk of BN in Ensenada city residents increases as anxiety increases. Therefore, it is confirmed not only the importance of sex and anxiety on eating disorders, but also the interaction of these two variables with the city of residence.聽Aunque la ansiedad parece ser una constante en los pacientes con trastorno de la conducta alimentaria , poco se sabe sobre su interacci贸n con otras variables. Por tanto, el objetivo principal de este estudio fue comparar el riesgo de anorexia nerviosa (AN) y bulimia nerviosa (BN) en funci贸n del sexo, el grado de ansiedad y la ciudad de residencia. Se trabaj贸 con un dise帽o no experimental-transversal y una muestra no probabil铆stica conformada por 857 estudiantes universitarios (67% mujeres y 33% hombres), con edad promedio de 21.96 a帽os (DE = 4.84), el 42% residentes en la Ciudad de M茅xico y el 58% en la ciudad de Ensenada. Los participantes completaron聽dos escalas de autoreporte, una para evaluar riesgo de AN y BN, y otra para medir la ansiedad. Los hallazgos evidencian que el grado de ansiedad difiere en funci贸n de la ciudad de residencia, siendo mayor en Ensenada. Adem谩s, se encontr贸 una interacci贸n significativa entre las variables; por ejemplo, en los residentes en la ciudad de Ensenada, el riesgo de BN se incrementa cuando la ansiedad aumenta. Por tanto, se confirma no s贸lo la relevancia del sexo y la ansiedad sobre los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, si no tambi茅n de la interacci贸n de dichas variables con la ciudad de residencia.聽

    Anorexia and bulimia risk as function of anxiety and puberty in Baja California-Mexico college students

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    AbstractIdentifying the risk of eating disorders as well as associated variables in nonclinical samples is fundamental to prevention. The main objective of this study was to compare bulimia and anorexia risk depending on anxiety degree and the age of puberty onset in university students. A non experimental transversal explanatory study was carried out using a non probabilistic sample of 420 students from a public university at Ensenada, B.C. Age of participants ranged between 18 and 30 years old (59% female, 41% male) in Ensenada, B.C. Timing of puberty was measured using The Food and Health Questionaire (G贸mez Peresmitr茅), especifically the menarquia /spermarquiaself-report, as well as the a Risk Factors Associated with Eating Disorders Scale (EFRATA) ; The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was also administered to all students. Among the main findings is that risk of bulimia increases with high anxiety degree and untypical puberty onset. Anorexia risk increases only with high degrees of anxiety. Results are in accordance to previous literature and are discussed within that frame
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