Design of Windmill Power Generation Using Multi-Generator and Single Rotor (Horizontal Blade)

Wind energy is the environmental free and one of the best renewable energy for generation of electric power. The main aim of the paper is “to produce current using multi generator and single rotor”. This paper proposes multi-generator to address potential challenges: dimension, cost and reliability. The two permanent magnet D.C. generators are desired to share the single shaft through straight bevel gears. These poles of the two generators will be changed as alternate to parallel. This paper discussed about the design procedure of gears, gear life and wind turbine rotors. The output current is stored in series of battery to appliances through converter and step up transformer. The performances and practicalities of the proposed architecture are verified in simulation using prototype wind turbine. Keywords: permanent magnet D.C. generator, wind turbine, straight bevel gear, poles of generator

A Path to the Direct Detection of sub-GeV Dark Matter Using Calorimetric Readout of a Superfluid 4^4He Target

A promising technology concept for sub-GeV dark matter detection is described, in which low-temperature microcalorimeters serve as the sensors and superfluid $^4$He serves as the target material. A superfluid helium target has several advantageous properties, including a light nuclear mass for better kinematic matching with light dark matter particles, copious production of scintillation light, extremely good intrinsic radiopurity, a high impedance to external vibration noise, and a unique mechanism for observing phonon-like modes via liberation of $^4$He atoms into a vacuum (`quantum evaporation'). In this concept, both scintillation photons and triplet excimers are detected using calorimeters, including calorimeters immersed in the superfluid. Kinetic excitations of the superfluid medium (rotons and phonons) are detected using quantum evaporation and subsequent atomic adsorption onto a microcalorimeter suspended in vacuum above the target helium. The energy of adsorption amplifies the phonon/roton signal before calorimetric sensing, producing a gain mechanism that can reduce the techonology's recoil energy threshold below the calorimeter energy threshold. We describe signal production and signal sensing probabilities, and estimate electron recoil discrimination. We then simulate radioactive backgrounds from gamma rays and neutrons. Dark matter - nucleon elastic scattering cross-section sensitivities are projected, demonstrating that even very small (sub-kg) target masses can probe wide regions of as-yet untested dark matter parameter space

Windmill Power Generation Using Mult-Generator and Single Rotor (Horizontal and Vertical Blade)

Wind energy is the environmental pollution free, hazardless and one of the best renewable energy for generation of electric power. The main aim of the paper is “to produce current using multi generator and single rotor”. This paper proposes multi-generator to address potential challenges: dimension, cost and reliability. The two electromagnetic induction generators are desired to share the single shaft through straight bevel gears. These poles of the two generators will be changed as alternate to parallel. This paper discussed about the design procedure of gears, gear life and wind turbine rotors. The output current is stored in series of battery to appliances through converter and step up transformer. The Construction, working, parts of windmill, materials are discussed detailed in this paper. Keywords: Electromagnetic Induction Generator, Wind Turbine, Straight Bevel Gear, Poles of Generator

Transforming U.S. Particle Physics Education: A Snowmass 2021 Study

The pursuit of knowledge in particle physics requires constant learning. As new tools become available, new theories are developed, and physicists search for new answers with ever-evolving methods. However, it is the case that formal educational systems serve as the primary training grounds for particle physicists. Graduate school (and undergraduate school to a lesser extent) is where researchers learn most of the technical skills required for research, develop scientific problem-solving abilities, learn how to establish themselves in their field, and begin developing their career. It is unfortunate, then, that the skills gained by physicists during their formal education are often mismatched with the skills actually required for a successful career in physics. We performed a survey of the U.S. particle physics community to determine the missing elements of graduate and undergraduate education and to gauge how to bridge these gaps. In this contributed paper, part of the 2021-22 Snowmass Community Planning Exercise, we report the results of this survey. We also recommend several specific community actions to improve the quality of particle physics education; the "community" here refers to physics departments, national labs, professional societies, funding agencies, and individual physicists.Comment: contribution to Snowmass 202

Nuclear Recoil Scintillation Linearity of a High Pressure 4^4He Gas Detector

We investigate scintillation linearity of a commercial high pressure $^4$He gas detector using monoenergetic 2.8 MeV neutrons from a deuterium-deuterium fusion neutron generator. The scintillation response of the detector was measured for a range of recoil energies between 83 keV and 626 keV by tagging neutrons scattering into fixed angles with a far-side organic scintillator detector. Detailed Monte Carlo simulations were compared to experimental data to determine the linearity of the detector response by comparing the scaling of the energy deposits in the simulations to the detector output. In this analysis, a linear scintillation response corresponds to a consistent value for the scaling factor between simulated energy deposits and experimental data for several different scattering angles. We demonstrate that the detector can be used to detect fast neutron interactions down to 83 keV recoil energies and can be used to characterize low-energy neutron sources, one of its potential applications