Телемедицина: перспективы развития

Необходимость развития в условиях цифровой экономики такого направления как телемедицина кажется необходимостью, однако существует противоречие между существующими проблемами в системе организации здравоохранения Российской Федерации и возможностями доступности к услугам телемедицины. Анализ показал, что данное направление востребовано, необходимо, существует ряд сервисов, предлагающих услуги по телемедицине, однако нормативно-правовая база не позволяет в полной мере организовать полноценную работу по предоставлению телемедицинских услуг, в том числе, бесплатных

Funktionelle Charakterisierung purinerger Rezeptoren und nachgeschalteter mitochondrialer Ca2+^{2+} Akkumulierung in Sertoli-Zellen der Maus

In meiner Arbeit habe ich die Expression von P2X2-, P2X3-, P2X4-, P2X7-, P2Y1-, P2Y2- und P2Y12-Rezeptoren im adulten und präpubertalen Hoden von Mäusen, sowie P2X2, P2X7, P2Y2 und P2Y12 in kultivierten Sertoli-Zellen nachgewiesen. Ich zeigte, dass ATP über P2XRs in Sertoli-Zellen einen einwärts rektifizierenden Strom induziert, der langsam desensitisiert und durch Cu$^{2+}$, Zn$^{2+}$ und pH-Wert-Änderungen modulierbar ist. Gleichzeitig kommt es zu einer Ca$^{2+}$-Ausschüttung aus internen Speichern über Aktivierung der ATP-sensitiveren, metabotropen P2YRs. Im Biolumineszenz-Live-Cell-Imaging konnte ich ATP-induzierte Ca$^{2+}$-Antworten von Mitochondrien in Sertoli-Zellen aus PhotoTopo$^{\circledR}$-Mäusen nachweisen. Mithilfe verschiedener pharmakologischer Inhibitoren fand ich heraus, dass Mitochondrien durch aktive Entlassung von Ca$^{2+}$ an der Entstehung von cytosolischen Signalen beteiligt sind und eine wichtige Rolle in der Formgebung und Terminierung von cytosolischen Ca$^{2+}$-Signalen in Sertoli-Zellen spielen.During my PhD thesis, I identified P2X2, P2X3, P2X4, P2X7, P2Y1, P2Y2 and P2Y12 receptor expression in the adult and prepubertal testis of mice and P2X2, P2X7, P2Y2 and P2Y12 receptor expression in cultured Sertoli cells. I showed that in Sertoli cells ATP induces an inwardly rectifying current via P2X receptors that desensitizes slowly and is sensitive to Cu$^{2+}$, Zn$^{2+}$ and pH. Additionally, ATP induces Ca$^{2+}$ release from internal stores via metabotropic P2Y receptors with higher sensitivity for ATP. In bioluminescence live-cell imaging I showed for the first time ATP-induced mitochondrial Ca$^{2+}$ responses in Sertoli cells from PhotoTopo$$^{\circledR}$ mice. Employing different pharmacological tools, I found that mitochondria control the formation of the cytosolic Ca$^{2+}$ signaling by actively releasing Ca$^{2+}$ and serve an important function in shaping and terminating the cytosolic Ca$^{2+}$ response

Chemosensory Ca2+ dynamics correlate with diverse behavioral phenotypes in human sperm.

In the female reproductive tract, mammalian sperm undergo a regulated sequence of prefusion changes that "prime" sperm for fertilization. Among the least understood of these complex processes are the molecular mechanisms that underlie sperm guidance by environmental chemical cues. A "hard-wired" Ca(2+) signaling strategy that orchestrates specific motility patterns according to given functional requirements is an emerging concept for regulation of sperm swimming behavior. The molecular players involved, the spatiotemporal characteristics of such motility-associated Ca(2+) dynamics, and the relation between a distinct Ca(2+) signaling pattern and a behavioral sperm phenotype, however, remain largely unclear. Here, we report the functional characterization of two human sperm chemoreceptors. Using complementary molecular, physiological, and behavioral approaches, we comparatively describe sperm Ca(2+) responses to specific agonists of these novel receptors and bourgeonal, a known sperm chemoattractant. We further show that individual receptor activation induces specific Ca(2+) signaling patterns with unique spatiotemporal dynamics. These distinct Ca(2+) dynamics are correlated to a set of stimulus-specific stereotyped behavioral responses that could play vital roles during various stages of prefusion sperm-egg chemical communication