Study and Characterization of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites for Solar Cells Applications

[ES] Las perovskitas orgánicas-inorgánicas de haluros de metilamonio y plomo y sus mezclas han mostrado propiedades optoelectrónicas óptimas como absorbente ideal para aplicaciones fotovoltaicas. Los dispositivos solares basados en perovskita han evolucionado rápidamente, desde una eficiencia del 3.9% en 2009, al 22.7% en 2017 y con un coste de fabricación más bajo que las células solares de silicio. Una desventaja del uso de absorbentes de perovskita en dispositivos fotovoltaicos es su baja estabilidad. Las células con un alto rendimiento, pierden su eficiencia y se degradan rápidamente. Para poder producir estos materiales industrialmente es necesario realizar estudios en profundidad que mejoren la eficiencia y estabilidad. Una vía de mejora es la ingeniería composicional, estrategia que hemos empleado en la elaboración de esta tesis y que consiste en la investigación y mejora de las propiedades optoelectrónicas y morfológicas, derivadas de la sustitución y/o combinación de cationes y aniones, que constituyen el material de perovskita. Se sintetizaron polvos puros de perovskita de I, Br, Cl, a partir de los cuales se prepararon capas puras y mixtas MAPbX3-xYx, con el objetivo de mejorar sus propiedades optoelectrónicas y estructurales. Los análisis de difracción de rayos X mostraron las propiedades estructurales de los polvos cristalinos y capas puras y mixtas. Los análisis de UV-vis y fotoluminiscencia mostraron que el rango de absorción varía a lo largo del espectro visible en función del contenido del haluro en las capas. Los análisis de fotoluminiscencia y calorimetría diferencial de barrido muestran los cambios de fase de las perovskitas puras a distintas temperaturas, coincidiendo dichos cambios en ambos análisis. El análisis FESEM de las perovskitas puras mostró las diferencias morfológicas entre los polvos y capas. Siguiendo esta línea de investigación, se estudiaron con más detalle las perovskitas mixtas de yodo-bromo, con un contenido de bromo de hasta el 33%, consiguiendo ajustar el bandgap para evitar pérdidas en la absorción y mejorar las propiedades optoelectrónicas, estructurales y morfológicas. A pesar de las buenas propiedades optoelectrónicas de las perovskitas de metilamonio, el catión orgánico disminuye su estabilidad, lo que llevó a investigar otros cationes inorgánicos. Las perovskitas de cesio son una alternativa prometedora, y por esta razón hemos sintetizado capas finas de perovskitas de cesio mixtas, CsPbBr3-xIx, para determinar los efectos que produce la sustitución parcial del yodo en las propiedades físicas y la estabilidad. Se obtuvieron capas con una buena resistencia a la humedad y temperatura, favoreciendo su aplicación en el campo fotovoltaico. Se ha estudiado la sustitución parcial del catión de metilamonio con otros cationes orgánicos, como el guanidinio e imidiazolio. Se demostró que pequeñas cantidades de guanidinio mejoran la estabilidad de las capas y su morfología. Se estableció el límite de solubilidad del guanidinio en el 20%, aproximadamente, y se determinó la estructura cristalina de las mezclas. La intensidad del pico de fotoluminiscencia aumentó para mezclas por debajo del límite de solubilidad. Se obtuvieron resultados similares para la sustitución del metilamonio con pequeñas cantidades de imidazolio. Los análisis de rayos X establecieron el límite de solubilidad en aproximadamente el 10% y una mejora en la cristalinidad. Los resultados de fotoluminiscencia sugieren que pequeñas cantidades de imidazolio reducen significativamente las recombinaciones no radiativas, actuando como un pasivador efectivo. Finalmente, se muestra el proceso de fabricación de dispositivos basados en MAPbI3 y sintetizados en función de las condiciones ambientales y empleando el dietil éter como anti-solvente. Los dispositivos mostraron una eficiencia máxima del 14.73%. Se ha probado que la oxidación del spiro-OMeTAD, bajo condiciones cont[FR] Les perovskites orgàniques-inorgàniques de halurs de metilamoni i plom i les seues mescles han mostrat propietats optoelectròniques òptimes com a absorbent ideal per a aplicacions fotovoltaiques. Els dispositius solars basats en perovskita han evolucionat ràpidament, passant d'una eficiència del 3.9% en 2009, fins al 22.7% en 2017, i amb un cost de fabricació més baix que les cèl·lules solars de silici. No obstant això, un dels desavantatges de l'ús de absorbents de perovskita és la baixa estabilitat. En general, les cèl·lules que mostren un alt rendiment, perden la seua eficiència i es degraden ràpidament. Per a que aquestos materials puguen ser produits industrialment a gran escala és necessari estudiar-los en profunditat per millorar la eficiència i estabilitat. Una de les vies de millora és l'enginyeria composicional, estratègia que hem emprat en l'elaboració d'aquesta tesi i que consisteix en la investigació i la millora de les propietats optoelectròniques i morfològiques, derivades de la substitució i/o combinació de cations i anions, que constitueixen el material de perovskita. S'han sintetitzat pols purs de perovskita per a I, Br, Cl, a partir d'els quals es van preparar capes pures i mixtes MAPbX3-xYx per a millorar les propietats optoelectròniques i estructurals. Mitjançant anàlisi de difracció de raigs X, s'estudiaren les propietats estructurals del pols cristalins i capes pures i mixtes. Els anàlisis d'UV-vis i fotoluminiscència, mostren que el rang d'absorció varia al llarg de l'espectre visible en funció del contingut de l'halur. Les anàlisis de fotoluminiscència i calorimetria diferencial mostren els canvis de fase de les perovskites pures a diferents temperatures, coincidint aquestos canvis en totes dues anàlisis. L'anàlisi FESEM de les perovskites pures, mostra les diferències morfològiques entre els pols i capes. Seguint aquesta línia d'investigació, s'estudiaren les perovskites mixtes de iode-brom, amb un contingut de brom de fins el 33%, ajustant el bandgap per a evitar pèrdues en l'absorció i millorar les propietats optoelectròniques, estructurals i morfològiques. Malgrat les bones propietats optoelectròniques de les perovskites de metilamoni, el catió orgànic disminueix la estabilitat, la qual cosa ha portat a investigar l'ús d'altres cations inorgànics. Les perovskites de cesi són una alternativa prometedora, i per aquesta raó hem sintetitzat capes fines de perovskites de cesi mixtes, CsPbBr3-xIx, per tal de determinar els efectes de la substitució parcial del iode en les propietats físiques i l'estabilitat. Es van obtenir capes amb una bona resistència a la humitat i a la temperatura, afavorint la seua aplicació en el camp fotovoltaic. S'ha estudiat també la substitució parcial del catió de metilamoni amb altres cations orgànics, com el guanidini i imidiazoli. S'ha demostrat que petites quantitats de guanidini milloren l'estabilitat i la morfologia de les capes. S'ha establert que el límit de solubilitat del guanidini es del 20%, aproximadament, i s'ha determinat l'estructura cristal·lina de les mescles. S'ha observat un augment en la intensitat del pic de fotoluminiscència per a mescles per sota del límit de solubilitat. Es van obtenir resultats similars per a la substitució del metilamoni amb petites quantitats de imidazoli. Les anàlisis de difracció de raigs X van establir el límit de solubilitat en aproximadament el 10% i una millora en la cristalinitat. Els resultats de fotoluminiscència suggereixen que petites quantitats de imidazoli redueixen les recombinacions no radiatives, actuant com un pasivador efectiu. Finalment, es mostra el procés de fabricació de dispositius basats en MAPbI3 i sintetitzats en funció de les condicions ambientals, especialment la humitat relativa i utilitzant el dietil èter com anti-solvent. Els dispositius van mostrar una eficiència màx[EN] Organic-inorganic methylammonium lead halides perovskites and their mixtures have shown optimal optoelectronic properties as an ideal absorber for photovoltaic applications. In the last decade, solar devices based on perovskite have evolved rapidly, going from an initial efficiency of only 3.9% in 2009, to an efficiency of 22.7% in 2017 and being, at the same time, more cost-effective than silicon solar cells. However, one of the main disadvantages when using perovskite absorbents in photovoltaic devices is their low stability. In general, cells that show high performance lose their efficiency and degrade rapidly. For these materials to be scalable it is necessary to carry out in-depth studies aiming at improved efficiency and stability. One of the main sources to improve stability and efficiency is compositional engineering, a strategy employed in the elaboration of this thesis, consisting of the investigation and improvement of the optoelectronic and morphological properties, derived from the substitution and / or combination of cations and anions, which constitute the perovskite material. Pure powders of perovskite were synthesized, for I, Br, Cl, from which pure and mixed MAPbX3-xYx films were prepared in order to improve their optoelectronic and structural properties. By means of X-ray diffraction analysis, the structural properties of crystalline powders and pure and mixed films were studied. Employing UV-vis and photoluminescence analysis, it was observed that the absorption range varied along the visible spectrum as a function of the halide content in the thin films. Both, photoluminescence and differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed the changes of phase of the pure perovskites at different temperatures. FESEM characterization of the pure perovskites showed the morphological differences between the powders and the films. Following this line of research, mixed perovskites of iodine-bromine with a bromine content of up to 33% were studied in more detail. The bandgap was tuned to avoid significant losses in absorption and improve the optoelectronic, structural and morphological properties. Despite the excellent optoelectronic properties of the methylammonium perovskite, the presence of the organic cation decreases its stability, which prompted research into the use of other inorganic cations. Cesium perovskites, are a very promising alternative, and for this reason we synthesized thin films of mixed cesium perovskites, CsPbBr3-xIx, to determine the effects of the partial substitution of iodine on physical properties and stability. Films with a very good resistance to moisture and temperature were obtained, which will favor the application of this type of perovskites in the photovoltaic field. The partial replacement of the methylammonium cation with other organic cations, such as guanidinium and imidiazolium, was also studied, showing that small amounts of guanidinium significantly improve the stability of the films and their morphology. It was established that the solubility limit of guanidinium is approximately 20%, and the crystalline structure of the mixtures was determined. An increase in the intensity of the photoluminescence peak for mixtures below the solubility limit was observed. Similar results were obtained for the substitution of methylammonium with small amounts of imidazolium. X-ray diffraction analyzes established the solubility limit at approximately 10% and an improvement in crystallinity. Photoluminescence results suggest that small amounts of imidazolium significantly reduce nonradiative recombinations, acting as an effective passivator. Finally, the manufacturing process of devices based on MAPbI3 and synthesized according to environmental conditions, especially relative humidity and using diethyl ether as anti-solvent is shown. The devices presented a maximum efficiency of 14.73%, proving that the oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD, under controlled humidity conditions, can improve efficiency.Vega Fleitas, E. (2018). Study and Characterization of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites for Solar Cells Applications [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/113402TESI

Synthesis of MAPbBr3-iYi (Y=I, Cl; i=0 ,1 ,2, 3) perovskite thin films

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Vega-Fleitas, Erica, Mollar García, Miguel Alfonso, Marí, B.. (2016). Synthesis of MAPbBr3-iYi (Y=I, Cl; i=0 ,1 ,2, 3) perovskite thin films .physica status solidi (c), 13, 1, 30-34. DOI: 10.1002/pssc.201510107, which has been published in final form at http://doi.org/10.1002/pssc.201510107. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] Methylammonium lead halide perovskites with different halides (iodide, bromide and chloride) have been synthetized from methylamine, lead nitrate and the corresponding hydroX acid (X = I, Br, Cl) precursors. Subsequently MAPbBr3-iYi (Y= I, Cl; i=0, 1, 2, 3) perovskites were deposited as thin films onto FTO substrates by spin coating or dipping. Thin film perovskites were then characterized by X-Ray Diffraction, elemental analysis and optical spectrometry. Crystallites sizes are between 100-600 nm depending on the synthesis temperature. All synthetized MAPbX3-iYi perovskites crystallized in the same cubic phase irrespective of the X and Y components and a unique phase is observed. Elemental analy- sis shows that in all cases the atomic components meet the expected stoichiometric formulae. The bandgap of thin film MAPbX3-iYi perovskites were inferred from transmittance and reflectance spectral measurements. It is found that the on-set of the absorption edge for thin film MAPbX3 perovskites is about 1.66, 2.55 and 3.37 eV for X= I, Br, Cl, respectively "and it reaches intermediate values for mixed MAPbX3-iYi perovskites.This work was supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (ENE2013-46624-C4-4-R)Vega-Fleitas, E.; Mollar García, MA.; Marí, B. (2016). Synthesis of MAPbBr3-iYi (Y=I, Cl; i=0 ,1 ,2, 3) perovskite thin films. physica status solidi (c). 13(1):30-34. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssc.201510107S303413

Effect of guanidinium on the optical properties and structure of the methylammonium lead halide perovskite

[EN] The stability and performance of perovskite-based solar cells can be improved by changing the nature of the organic cation. Herein, mixed methylammoniumeguanidinium perovskites (MA1-xGAxPbI3) are structurally and optically characterized. The Pawley fit method confirmed the formation of the iodide halide GAPbI3 tetragonal phase (P42_NMC). Up to 20% of the guanidinium cation was incorporated in the methylammonium lead iodide perovskite, producing a lattice enlargement, which was investigated studying the shift of the diffraction peaks of the MAPbI3 (I4_CM) tetragonal lattice. Long-term stability was tested, resulting in improved mixed perovskites with a low GA content. The bandgap shifted to lower energies. The absorption bandgap diminished slightly when the GA cation substituted up to 20% of MA in MAPbI3, degrading when the GA amount in the mixed perovskite is larger. FESEM morphological analysis was performed showing that a uniform thin film was deposited. PL studies showed that only shallow defects had been introduced.This work was supported by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [ENE2016-77798-C4-2-R] and Generalitat Valenciana [Prometeus 2014/044].Vega-Fleitas, E.; Mollar García, MA.; Marí, B. (2018). Effect of guanidinium on the optical properties and structure of the methylammonium lead halide perovskite. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 739:1059-1064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.12.177S1059106473

Strengthening mathematical skills through MOOCs: a case study

[EN] Recently there has been a huge development in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) with the aim to ease and complement the learning process, especially at university level. In this context we presented four MOOCs entitled Basic Mathematics: Numbers and Terminology, Differentiability, Integrals and Algebra on the platforms UPV[X] and EdX, aiming to match the freshmen s level in mathematics at engineering grades. We have used these courses to reinforce theoretical knowledge during the first year of university and to promote them as an educational complement among the students showing more difficulties in mathematics. The implementation of these MOOCs as an element of the learning process has brought new methodological opportunities. The resources and tools offered make learning a more social and collaborative process as connect students with each other, allowing new methodologies focused on problem-solving techniques. In addition, although the MOOCs impose a sequence of contents, this is usually quite adaptable and contributes to the individualization of learning, allowing students to work at their own pace and in an environment of their choice. The procedure has been based on tracking students with lower academic performance or those showing mathematical gaps and offering them the opportunity to reinforce such knowledge through the use of specific MOOCs. The process has been done mainly online but with periodic meetings with the teachers to evaluate student progress. This methodology (based in a blended learning methodology) is intended to enhance the motivation and improve the performance of the students, avoiding dropouts. The results of the students joining these courses are presented versus the results from the students that did not participated.The authors would like to thank the Department of Applied Mathematics for the Teaching Innovation Projects, PID-DMA-2014, which funds this research.López Alfonso, S.; Moll López, SE.; Sánchez, S.; Vega Fleitas, E. (2016). Strengthening mathematical skills through MOOCs: a case study. International Journal for e-Learning Security. 6(1):488-493. https://doi.org/10.20533/ijds.2046.4568.2016.0062S4884936

MAPbI2.9-xBrxCl0.1 hybrid halide perovskites: Shedding light on the effect of chloride and bromide ions on structural and photoluminescence properties

[EN] The optical and structural properties of CH3NH3PbI3 can be adjusted by introducing other extrinsic ions such as chloride and bromide. In this work, mixed bromide iodide lead perovskites with a 10% fraction of chloride were prepared from methylamine, lead nitrate and the corresponding hydro acid (X = I, Br, Cl). The effect of bromide and chloride incorporation on different properties of perovskite thin film was investigated. The Pawley fit method indicates the formation of the iodide halide MAPbI3 Pm-3 m cubic phase for x = 0 and the tetragonal P4/mmm phase for x ≥ 0.3. All deposited films showed a strong absorbance in the UV vis range. The band gap values were estimated from absorbance measurements. It was found that the onset of the absorption edge for MAPbI2.9-xBrxCl0.1 thin film perovskites ranges between 1.60 and 1.80 eV. Moreover, it was found that both Cl and Br affect the PL emission of the mixed halide lead perovskite, the MAPbI2.9−xBrxCl0.1 films displayed intermediate values from 730 nm (MAPbI2.2Br0.7Cl0.1) to 770 nm (MAPbI2.6Br0.3Cl0.1)This work was supported by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (ENE2013-46624-C4-4-R) and Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeus 2014/044).Atourki, L.; Vega-Fleitas, E.; Marí, B.; Mollar García, MA.; Ahsaine, H.; Bouabid, K.; Ihlal, A. (2016). MAPbI2.9-xBrxCl0.1 hybrid halide perovskites: Shedding light on the effect of chloride and bromide ions on structural and photoluminescence properties. Applied Surface Science. 390:744-750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.08.17674475039

Influence of Fe Content in Binary SnS2 Synthesis by Hydrothermal Technique for Photovoltaic Application

[EN] Binary thin disulfide (SnS2) and ternary Sn1-x FexS2 (X = Fe (2.5%, 5% and 10%) which has huge potentials in the visible-light rang due to its bandgap 2.2-2.6 eV. Herein, SnS2 and Sn1-x FexS2 powders have been synthesize by a fruitful hydrothermal method. The structure, morphology, elemental composition and optical properties of the obtained product were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. It was found that the Fe could be effectively incorporated in the obtained Sn(1-x)FexS(2) compounds. According to XRD analysis, increased concentration of Fe in the Sn1-xFexS2 compounds results in a gradual degradation of the crystallinity. The optical bandgap was found to be 1.52 eV, 2.22 eV, 2.38 eV and 2.48 eV, for the SnS, SnS2, Fe 5% and Fe 10% respectively. Mott-Schottky measurements performed for SnS2 confirm the n-type character of SnS2 samples. (c) 2019 The Electrochemical Society.This work was supported by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (ENE2016-77798-C4-2-R).Ullah, S.; Bouich, A.; Ullah, H.; Vega-Fleitas, E.; Baig, F.; Hameed, Y.; Mollar García, MA.... (2019). Influence of Fe Content in Binary SnS2 Synthesis by Hydrothermal Technique for Photovoltaic Application. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 8(6):Q118-Q122. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0251906jssSQ118Q12286Zhang, Y. C., Du, Z. N., Li, K. W., & Zhang, M. (2011). Size-controlled hydrothermal synthesis of SnS2 nanoparticles with high performance in visible light-driven photocatalytic degradation of aqueous methyl orange. Separation and Purification Technology, 81(1), 101-107. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2011.07.016Gedi, S., Minnam Reddy, V. R., Pejjai, B., Park, C., Jeon, C.-W., & Kotte, T. R. R. (2017). Studies on chemical bath deposited SnS 2 films for Cd-free thin film solar cells. Ceramics International, 43(4), 3713-3719. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.11.219Ohtake, Y., Okamoto, T., Yamada, A., Konagai, M., & Saito, K. (1997). Improved performance of Cu(InGa)Se2 thin-film solar cells using evaporated Cd-free buffer layers. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 49(1-4), 269-275. doi:10.1016/s0927-0248(97)00203-1Nakada, T., & Mizutani, M. (2002). 18% Efficiency Cd-Free Cu(In, Ga)Se2 Thin-Film Solar Cells Fabricated Using Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD)-ZnS Buffer Layers. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 41(Part 2, No. 2B), L165-L167. doi:10.1143/jjap.41.l165Naghavi, N., Spiering, S., Powalla, M., Cavana, B., & Lincot, D. (2003). High-efficiency copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cells with indium sulfide buffer layers deposited by atomic layer chemical vapor deposition (ALCVD). Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 11(7), 437-443. doi:10.1002/pip.508Yousfi, E. B., Asikainen, T., Pietu, V., Cowache, P., Powalla, M., & Lincot, D. (2000). Cadmium-free buffer layers deposited by atomic later epitaxy for copper indium diselenide solar cells. Thin Solid Films, 361-362, 183-186. doi:10.1016/s0040-6090(99)00860-3EISELE, W., ENNAOUI, A., SCHUBERTBISCHOFF, P., GIERSIG, M., PETTENKOFER, C., KRAUSER, J., … KARG, F. (2003). XPS, TEM and NRA investigations of Zn(Se,OH)/Zn(OH) films on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) substrates for highly efficient solar cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 75(1-2), 17-26. doi:10.1016/s0927-0248(02)00104-6Kim, J. H., Shin, D. H., Kwon, H. S., & Ahn, B. T. (2014). Growth of Sn(O,S)2 buffer layers and its application to Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. Current Applied Physics, 14(12), 1803-1808. doi:10.1016/j.cap.2014.10.008Amalraj, L., Sanjeeviraja, C., & Jayachandran, M. (2002). Spray pyrolysised tin disulphide thin film and characterisation. Journal of Crystal Growth, 234(4), 683-689. doi:10.1016/s0022-0248(01)01756-0Manohari, A. G., Santhosh Kumar, K., Lou, C., Mahalingam, T., & Manoharan, C. (2015). Buffer layer of antimony doped tin disulphide thin films for heterojunction solar cells. Materials Letters, 155, 121-124. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2015.04.114Sharp, L., Soltz, D., & Parkinson, B. A. (2006). Growth and Characterization of Tin Disulfide Single Crystals. Crystal Growth & Design, 6(6), 1523-1527. doi:10.1021/cg050335yThangaraju, B., & Kaliannan, P. (2000). Spray pyrolytic deposition and characterization of SnS and SnS2thin films. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 33(9), 1054-1059. doi:10.1088/0022-3727/33/9/304Reddy, K. T. R., Sreedevi, G., Ramya, K., & Miles, R. W. (2012). Physical Properties of Nano-crystalline SnS2 Layers Grown by Chemical Bath Deposition. Energy Procedia, 15, 340-346. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2012.02.041Fattah-alhosseini, A., & Vafaeian, S. (2015). Comparison of electrochemical behavior between coarse-grained and fine-grained AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel by Mott–Schottky analysis and EIS measurements. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 639, 301-307. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.03.142Cifuentes, C., Botero, M., Romero, E., Calderón, C., & Gordillo, G. (2006). Optical and structural studies on SnS films grown by co-evaporation. Brazilian Journal of Physics, 36(3b), 1046-1049. doi:10.1590/s0103-97332006000600066Preethi, L. K., Mathews, T., Nand, M., Jha, S. N., Gopinath, C. S., & Dash, S. (2017). Band alignment and charge transfer pathway in three phase anatase-rutile-brookite TiO2 nanotubes: An efficient photocatalyst for water splitting. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 218, 9-19. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.06.033Xiang, P., Li, X., Wang, H., Liu, G., Shu, T., Zhou, Z., … Han, H. (2011). Mesoporous nitrogen-doped TiO2 sphere applied for quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell. Nanoscale Research Letters, 6(1), 606. doi:10.1186/1556-276x-6-60

Gamificando el aula: aplicación de una escape room colaborativa online

[EN] The arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an important change in the metho-dologies used in education. In this work the application of a virtual escape room is presented in the subject of Orbits, Satellites and Relativity in order to increase motiva-tion and the acquisition of knowledge. The inclusion of game elements in the classroom has had a positive impact on the opinion and performance of students. The platforms used have been PoliformaT and TEAMS.[ES] La llegada de la pandemia de COVID-19 ha supuesto un cambio importante en las metodologías empleadas en educación. En este trabajo se presenta la aplicación de una escape room virtual en la asignatura optativa de ´Orbitas, Satélites y Relatividad con el fin de aumentar la motivación y la adquisición de conocimiento. La inclusión de elementos de juego en el aula ha tenido un impacto positivo en la opinión y en el rendimiento de los estudiantes. Las plataformas empleadas han sido PoliformaT y TEAMS.Proyecto financiado por el Proyecto de Innovación y Mejora Educativa (PIME), Convocatoria A+D 2019, Código 1699-B. Universitat Politècnica de València.Cuenca Gotor, VP.; Herrero Debón, A.; Moll López, SE.; Monsoriu Serra, JA.; Moraño Fernández, JA.; Sánchez Ruiz, LM.; Vega Fleitas, E. (2021). Gamificando el aula: aplicación de una escape room colaborativa online. En IN-RED 2021: VII Congreso de Innovación Edicativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 34-46. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2021.2021.13442OCS344

Importance of learning mathematics through SF and Fantasy digital games: a case study for BEng students

This article presents the results of the creation of digital games, based on science fiction and fantasy themes, and their application in the mathematics subjects of Electronic and Aerospace BEng at the Polytechnic University of Valencia. Students' perception of the activities and their affinity with the chosen themes are studied. Data was collected through a questionnaire and voluntary interviews. A very positive perception of the performance of these activities has been obtained, both in terms of results and motivation

Impact of iodide substitution on the physical properties and stability of cesium lead halide perovskite thin films CsPbBr3-xIx (0 <= x <= 1)

[EN] This study sheds light on the effect of iodide substitution on the structural and optical properties of solution processed mixed cesium lead perovskite thin films CsPbBr3-xIx (0 <= x <= 1) as well as their atmospheric and thermal stability. Pawley fit indicated that the mixed lead halide CsPbBr(3-x)l(x) perovskite crystallizes in the orthorhombic (Pnma) space group. X-ray diffraction analyses showed a shift to lower angles when the average fraction of iodide incorporated increased indicating the expansion of the lattice. Absorbance measurements show that the CsPbBr3-xIx films exhibit a very high absorbance in the visible and short infrared region. The band gap of CsPbBr(3-x)l(x) is tuned from 238 (CsPbBr3) to 2.17 eV (CsPbBr2I1) following the Vegard's law. CsPbBr3 films showed a bright photoluminescence with emission maximum at 530 nm CsPbBr(3-x)l(x) films demonstrate excellent stability after aging for two days in a humid environment (relative humidity of 60%) and under thermal annealing at relatively high temperature. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This work was supported by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (ENE2013-46624-C4-4-R) and Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeus 2014/044).Atourki, L.; Vega-Fleitas, E.; Mollar García, MA.; Marí, B.; Kirou, H.; Bouabid, K.; Ihlal, A. (2017). Impact of iodide substitution on the physical properties and stability of cesium lead halide perovskite thin films CsPbBr3-xIx (0 <= x <= 1). Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 702:404-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.01.205S40440970

Aprendizaje basado en juegos con elementos de rol empleando RPG Maker MZ

[EN] In this work, the influence of the introduction of role-playing game elements, such as the customization of the avatar and an adaptive level of difficulty, is studied to configure a game experience more adapted to the needs of the students. The student s point of view on these elements are also presented.[ES] En este trabajo se estudia la influencia de la introducción de elementos de juego de rol, como la personalización del avatar y de un nivel de dificultad adaptativo, para configurar una experiencia de juego más adaptada a la necesidad de los estudiantes. Se presentan también las opiniones de los estudiantes sobre estos elementos.PIME/21-22/284 project financed by the Polytechnic University of Valencia, Convocatoria A D, Proyectos de Innovación Mejora EducativaHerrero Debón, A.; Roselló Ferragud, MD.; Moll López, SE.; Moraño Fernández, JA.; Sánchez Ruiz, LM.; Sánchez López, S.; Vega Fleitas, E.... (2023). Game-based learning with role-playing elements using RPG Maker MZ. Modelling in Science Education and Learning. 16(1):55-65. https://doi.org/10.4995/msel.2023.18975556516