47 research outputs found

    Brand gender and cross-gender extensions.

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    Afin de se développer et de générer des profits, la plupart des marques de luxe utilisent les stratégies d’extension de marque, c'est-à-dire qu’elles essaient de s’introduire dans de nouvelles catégories de produits. En complément, une nouvelle tendance émerge : il s’agit des extensions de segments de marché (par exemple un horlogers masculin visant les femmes). L'objectif de cet article est de discuter du concept du genre de la marque et de son influence potentielle sur les extensions de segments de marché (homme – femme). Plus spécifiquement, nous souhaitons décrire comment les marques féminines s’étendent sur le marché d'hommes et vice-versa. Une recherche qualitative, de type sémiotique structurale, est effectuée sur un échantillon de huit marques de luxe. Les techniques sémiotiques permettent de comprendre les significations profondes du discours des marques au travers de leur communication. Les résultats exploratoires soulignent l'importance de la cohérence entre le genre de la marque et le genre utilisé pour parler au segment de marché opposé. Ce constat fort qui ressort des analyses est en conformité avec la littérature sur les extensions de marque et l’importance de la congruence.In order to develop brands and increase growth, most luxury brands rely on extensions on different product categories. On top of that, the current trend is the cross-gender extensions (eg. Masculine watchmakers targeting female audience). The objective of this paper is to discuss the concept of brand gender and its potential influence in crossover extensions. More specifically, we intend to describe how female brands extend on the men market and vice versa. Using semiotic analysis, a qualitative research is performed on a sample of eight brands. The semiotic techniques allow to understand the deep meanings of their products, communication, web sites and narratives. The exploratory findings highlight the importance of brand consistency in terms of values while addressing both male and female segments. These findings, specific to luxury brands, provide support to the brand extension literature.Luxe; Masculinité; Brand gender; Genre de la marque; Cross-gender extensions; Extensions de segments de marché; Masculinity; Femininity; Luxury; Féminité;

    The use of longitudinal case studies and semiotics for analysing brand development as process of assimilation or accommodation

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    International audiencePurpose: Starting from the premise that brands must be managed in a consistent way over time, but also need to be expanded, the purpose of this paper is to define and understand the different models of brand development, according to the evolution of a brand’s identity and the introduction of brand extensions. The second aim of this article is to introduce a specific methodology for studying the development of brands with a long-term approach.Design/methodology/approach: The concepts of assimilation and accommodation as defined by Piaget (1983) provide an in-depth understanding of how and why brands evolve. This article is based on a multiple case study. Four luxury brands were studied longitudinally. Brand chronologies were drawn and images of brand communications and brand extensions were gathered. Structural semiotic analysis was then used to highlight the different processes of brand development. In addition, qualitative interviews with two experts were conducted.Findings: Hermès and Louis Vuitton develop their brands according to the assimilation model. Gucci and Dolce & Gabbana follow the accommodation model. There is a link between the brand’s identity type (symbolic / functional) and the model used for brand development. A detailed analysis of each model is presented highlighting the main features.Research limitations/implications: To reinforce the distinction between the two models of brand development, it would be interesting to look at other brands. The choice of these brands depends on their country of origin and their age.Originality/value: The main contributions of this paper are the dynamic and longitudinal analysis of brand development and the introduction of the assimilation and accommodation concepts. The use of semiotics constitutes another original feature of this research

    The impact of stereotyped and non-stereotyped brand genders on cross-gender extension evaluations

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    International audienceThis research proposes to introduce the concept of stereotype to definebrand gender and to make a new contribution on the analysis of cross-gender extension evaluation. The results of an experiment, made on two product categories and considering the two possible directions of these extensions – from men to women and from women to men – reveal that the perceived fit between the cross-gender extension and the brand is more positive when the brand gender is non-stereotyped and, surprisingly, when the brand extends from the female to the male market. The interaction effect suggests also that the impact of the cross-gender extension direction is more important in the case of a brand with a non-stereotyped gender. Those results challenge previous research. A concluding discussion lays out recommendations for business

    L’apport de l’analyse sémiotique à l’évaluation du potentiel d’extension de marque produit-service : le cas de l’hôtellerie de luxe

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    International audienceAlthough more and more luxury goods brands are expanding in the services sector, very little research has yet focused on these strategies of development. Given the risks associated, the aims of this article are (1) to define the specificities of product-service extensions and (2) to analyze the internal legitimacy of luxury brands to be launched in the services through the analysis of the BEP (Brand Extension Potential). The BEP defines where and how far a brand can be extended according to their emitted discourses and more specifically according to the openness of their brand contracts (delimitation, determination, mastery). A semiotic analysis has been conducted on four luxury goods brands (Armani, Baccarat, Bulgari, Cheval Blanc) that have expanded in hospitality. It is revealed that the BEP to services depends on the openness of the delimitation and mastery contracts. The results are confronted with the current situations of the brands studied as well as the opinions of luxury consumers. Managerial implications are deduced.Alors que de plus en plus de marques de produits de luxe s'étendent dans le secteur des services, très peu de recherches se sont intéressées à ces stratégies de développement. Face aux risques qui y sont associés, les objectifs de cet article sont (1) de définir les spécificités des extensions produit-service et (2) d'analyser la légitimité interne des marques de luxe à se lancer dans les services à travers l'analyse du PEM (Potentiel d'Extension des Marques). Le PEM définit vers où et jusqu'où les marques peuvent s'étendre en fonction de leur discours émis et plus précisément en fonction de l'ouverture de leurs contrats de marques (délimitation, détermination, maîtrise). Une analyse sémiotique a été menée sur quatre marques de produits de luxe (Armani, Baccarat, Bulgari, Cheval Blanc) qui se sont étendues dans l'hôtellerie. Les résultats montrent que le PEM vers les services dépend de l'ouverture des contrats de maîtrise et de délimitation des marques. Les résultats sont confrontés aux situations à dates des marques étudiées ainsi qu'aux avis de consommateurs de luxe. Des implications managériales en sont déduites

    L'endossement par les célébrités dans le secteur de l'horlogerie de luxe: Analyse par les perceptions du consommateur

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    International audienceCelebrity endorsement in the luxury watch sector. A consumer perception approach Celebrity endorsement provides many advantages for luxury brands, but also risks diluting their brand image. The purpose of this article is to determine whether this strategy can be beneficial in the luxury watchmaking sector. A typology of six different client types for the perceptions of luxury clients has been identified based on two studies, both qualitative and quantitative. The results show that two types of client are receptive to the strategy of celebrity endorsement. They are mainly represented by young women buying watches between 1,000 and 5,000 euros and with a low level of expertise in luxury watches.L'endossement par les célébrités présente de nombreux avantages mais également des risques de dilution de l'image de luxe des marques. L'objectif de cet article est de définir dans quelle mesure cette stratégie peut être bénéfique dans le secteur de la haute horlogerie. Au moyen de deux études, qualitative et quantitative, basées sur la perception des consommateurs de luxe, une typologie en six classes a été identifiée. Les résultats montrent que deux de ces classes sont réceptives à ce type de stratégie. Celles-ci sont principalement représentées par des femmes, jeunes, achetant des montres entre 1000 et 5000 euros et d'un faible niveau d'expertise en haute horlogerie
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