Distribution of CATT end titres in primary and retreatment sleeping sickness cases at inclusion in the study.

<p>Distribution of CATT end titres in primary and retreatment sleeping sickness cases at inclusion in the study.</p

CATT positivity (%) during follow-up in primary HAT (left) and retreatment cases (right) who were cured or experienced treatment failure after current treatment.

<p>The number of samples that was tested is indicated, whiskers show 95% confidence intervals.</p

Mapping of peptide 5-2-D3.

<p>Peptide 5-2-D3 could be mapped (orange) with AA E 168|N 164|D 152|G 153|T 150|K 146|L 144|A 141 on the three-dimensional model of a VSG LiTat 1.5 N-terminal domain monomer by means of 3DEX and Chimera.</p

Flow diagram for study selection.

<p>Flow diagram for study selection.</p

Alignment on VSG LiTat 1.5 of peptides selected with anti-VSG LiTat 1.5 antibody fractions.

<p>Homologous sequences between phage displayed peptides and/or the protein sequence of VSG LiTat 1.5 are indicated in grey. Amino acids that are identical to those of the VSG protein sequence are in bold and grey. All peptide sequences include the GGGS-spacer at the C-terminus. Maximum % identity: percentage identity of the peptide sequence with a corresponding stretch of sixteen AA within the protein sequence of VSG LiTat 1.5. Synth peptide: name of the synthesised peptide.</p

Evaluation of the potential of the biotinylated peptides for diagnosis of <i>T.b. gambiense</i> HAT.

<p>The ability of biotinylated synthetic peptides to bind human serum antibodies in 102 HAT positive and 102 endemic negative control sera was assessed by indirect ELISA. The area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) and the sensitivity and specificity at maximum Youden index are shown with 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p

Peptide sequences of phage clones selected with human anti VSG LiTat 1.5 antibodies.

<p>na: not applicable, SD: standard deviation,</p>*<p>not withheld: similar to 5-3-C1.</p><p>The phage clones were selected after 1, 2 or 3 positive selections. The peptide sequences that were expressed by these phage clones are given in column three. The average OD_c in sandwich ELISA, using nine purified antibody fractions as capture antibody, is shown in column four. If the peptide sequence was synthesised, the name of the biotinylated peptide is given in column five.</p

Peptide sequences of phage clones selected with human anti-VSG LiTat 1.3 antibodies.

<p>3-3-H3(1) and 3-3-H3(2) are two different phage clones, na: not applicable, SD: standard deviation,</p>*<p>not withheld: similar to 3-2-G5 & 3-2-G10.</p><p>The phage clones were selected after two or three positive (pos) selections. The peptide sequences that were expressed by these phage clones are given in column three. The average OD_c in sandwich ELISA, using nine purified antibody fractions as capture antibody, is shown in column four. If the peptide sequence was synthesised, the name of the biotinylated peptide is given in column five.</p

Anti-TLTF antibodies in sera and CSF determined by ELISA.

<p>(a). Concentrations obtained in anti-TLTF ELISA in serum samples of early stage (E, n = 25), intermediate stage (I, n = 25) and late stage (L, n = 24) patients. Differences between E, I and L are not significant from each other but are significant compared to the control (C) samples (p = 0.0002). (b). Concentrations of anti-TLTF in CSF samples of early stage (E, n = 20) patients, intermediate stage (I, n = 21) and late stage (L, n = 20) patients. Note the significant difference between intermediate and early stage (<i>P = 0.0005</i>) and between intermediate and late stage (<i>P<0.05</i>). The levels of TLTF in CSF are represented in (µg/ml). The horizontal hatched line marks the diagnostic cut-off value (2 µg/ml).</p

Evaluation of feasibility of all methods according to ASSURED criteria.

<p>1† = specificity of these techniques is assumed to be 100%.</p