Energetic Valorization of Poultry Waste: The Sideview

The poultry farming waste, as a mixture of dropping and bedding material is usually used as a fertilizer in agriculture because of their richness of mineral materials. However, expanded production of broilers, with decreased availability of agricultural land and potential negative effects of long-lasting application of such a material on land, encourage searching for alternative ways for use of this materials. Generally speaking, there are two ways, beside of abovementioned: (1) exploitation of poultry waste in compost production and (2) its use for energy production. This paper exposes the overview of state-of-the-art (techniques and equipment) within the field of energetic valorization of poultry waste by direct thermal methods, and discusses various aspects of mentioned practices

Determination of the biomethanic potential of corn grain

Although it is primarily grown as food, corn also represents a very good raw material for the production of biogas due to the favourable starch and fibre ratio that is the basis of its structure. In addition, an important fact is that there are large arable or potentially arable areas in our country that are triturated with different pollutants, so that the production of plant crops for dietary purposes on these surfaces is not possible. The aim of this paper was to determine the biometric potential of various varieties of corn grain in laboratory conditions through a series of experimental measurements. The obtained results are based on the assessment of the possibility of applying energy plantations of corn grown on contaminated arable or recultivated surfaces in the production of biogas

A study of the effect of organic and conventional cultivation on the potato yield

Potato is one of the most expanded vegetable crops, and it is one of the most important agri-food products in the world and our country, too. Because of its high reproductive potential and ability to achieve high yield, the potato has taken a very high position among vegetable crops. The goal of this study was to show differences in the rates of crop performance, comparing six potato varieties organically and conventionally cultivated. The potato varieties are Adora, Jaerla, Agria, Desiree, Kennebec and Triplo. Depending on the regime of cultivation, more specifically on the treatments unique to the cultivated regime, different varieties have achieved different yields, and with a precise weighing mass, values for each variety have been determined. Different measurements have been carried out on the visually smallest tubers, visually biggest tubers, and total potato yield for each variety

Mogućnost primjene hidratiziranog vapna kao katalizatora u procesu metanolize suncokretova ulja

Postojeći komercijalni procesi dobivanja biodizela uglavnom se zasnivaju na homogenoj bazno kataliziranoj metanolizi biljnih ulja. Najčešće se kao katalizatori primjenjuju NaOH i KOH i NaOCH3. U ovom radu istraživana je mogućnost primjene hidratiziranog vapna, komercijalnog proizvoda koji se prije svega primjenjuje u građevinarstvu, kao katalizatora u procesu metanolize suncokretova ulja. Ispitivan je utjecaj procesnih parametara; mase katalizatora, omjera ulja i metanola te duljine trajanja na prinos metilnog estera i na osnovne karakteristike dobivenog biodizela. Rezultati dobiveni istraživanjima u okviru ovog rada pokazuju da se hidratizirano vapno može upotrebljavati kao učinkovit, jeftin i ekološki prihvatljiv katalizator za metanolizu suncokretova ulja

LEUCOBRYUM GLAUCULUM MOSS AS A BIOSORBENT FOR REMOVAL OF WATER HARDNESS

Water hardness and deposition of incrustation is a problem in households and industry. In this regard, several technologies have been developed with the purpose of water softening and preventing the deposition of incrustation. The ion exchange method is the most commonly used method and is considered a conventional method. However, due to the shortcomings of this method, there is a need to develop adequate alternative methods. The potential of the method using biosorbents such as moss Leucobryum glaucum and Spaghnum peat moss for the purpose of removing water hardness has recently become the subject of intensive research with growing interest. In this study, the method using Leucobryum glaucum as a biosorbent was tested and a comparison was made with the conventional method and previously conducted studies that used other biosorbents

OPTIMIZING PROCESS CONTROL OF THE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF ORGANIC MATTER

The proper process control is the key to achieving both environmental and commercial goals of conducting the process of anaerobic digestion. Taking into account that the parameters that can be monitored are quite numerous, and that the monitoring equipment, its installation and maintenance require significant financial resources, it is, from commercial aspect, necessary to minimize the number of parameters to the set of parameters which are necessary but sufficient for the proper conduct of the process to the point after which the further continuation of the process is not economically justified. The paper presents the model developed for determination of the minimum number of parameters to be monitored in order to ensure sufficient quality control of this process and describes its validation through the laboratory test

Recurrent water from slag and fly ash disposal ponds as a medium for carbon capture and storage

Due to the increased use of fossil fuels and industrial production, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, causing greenhouse effect and, consequently, climate change. Stationary CO2 sources like coal power plants produce the bulk of the world’s CO2 emissions. Electricity and heat plants and other fuel transformation activities account for 40% of total global CO2 emissions. Therefore, great interest in the possibilities of CCS systems to reduce CO2 emission is evident, either through removal or reduction measures. The experimental part of this paper deals with the determination of the potential of alternative media for use in CCS technologies, describing the lab-scale investigation. The role of alternative media in that context has been as-signed to recurrent water from fly ash and slag disposal pond Jezero II of Power Plant Tuzla. When choosing an alternative medium for CCS applications, the following features were considered: that the medium currently has a negative impact on the environment; that the medium is available in sufficient quantities; that the medium has a low price and that its final disposal causes costs. Hence, the ability of the selected media (recurrent water) for CO2 capture has been confirmed and its capacity in that context roughly determined

Recurrent water from slag and fly ash disposal ponds as a medium for carbon capture and storage

Due to the increased use of fossil fuels and industrial production, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, causing greenhouse effect and, consequently, climate change. Stationary CO2 sources like coal power plants produce the bulk of the world’s CO2 emissions. Electricity and heat plants and other fuel transformation activities account for 40% of total global CO2 emissions. Therefore, great interest in the possibilities of CCS systems to reduce CO2 emission is evident, either through removal or reduction measures. The experimental part of this paper deals with the determination of the potential of alternative media for use in CCS technologies, describing the lab-scale investigation. The role of alternative media in that context has been as-signed to recurrent water from fly ash and slag disposal pond Jezero II of Power Plant Tuzla. When choosing an alternative medium for CCS applications, the following features were considered: that the medium currently has a negative impact on the environment; that the medium is available in sufficient quantities; that the medium has a low price and that its final disposal causes costs. Hence, the ability of the selected media (recurrent water) for CO2 capture has been confirmed and its capacity in that context roughly determined

Thermal pretreatment of cattle manure for enhancing biogas production

The low degradability of waste materials containing lignocellulosic material is one of the factors that hinder the production of biogas. The increased need for advanced techniques in the anaerobic digestion process has led to the use of different pretreatment raw materials prior to the anaerobic digestion process in order to increase the yield of biogas. In order to maximize the yield of biogas from cattle manure in a mixture with waste sludge, the anaerobic digestion process was performed at mesophilic conditions for 54 days. As pretreatment, the thermal treatment of cattle manure at temperatures of 55 and 70°C was applied. The highest biogas production was obtained in the sample of cattle manure, previously treated at 70°C (M70), while the lowest was recorded in the control sample M. The specific biogas production in relation to the input quantity of volatile organic matter had the highest value in sample M70 and the lowest in the control sample. Overall results have shown that the thermal treatment of cattle manure before the anaerobic digestion process can increase both yield and biogas quality