Fe₃O₄‐supported sulfonated graphene oxide as a green and magnetically separable nanocatalyst for synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4<i>H-</i>chromene derivatives and their in-silico studies

Under ultrasound irradiation, 17 examples of 2-Amino-3-cyano-4H-chromene derivatives were prepared via one-pot three components domino Knoevenagel–Michael condensation reaction of aliphatic/aromatic/heterocyclic aldehydes, malononitrile, and α-naphthol/β–naphthol/resorcinol in the presence of Fe3O4‐supported sulfonated graphene oxide as a green and magnetically separable nanocatalyst in H2O: EtOH (1:1) solvent system. FT-IR, TGA, SEM, and XRD were used to evaluate the catalyst. The current protocol is appealing because of high atom economy (95%), excellent yields (88-95%), its short reaction time, waste-free conditions, cost-effectiveness, use of a nontoxic solvent, lack of high temperature for reflux, non-chromatographic purification of products, recyclability of catalyst, etc. In-silico studies were conducted on the selected proteins DNA gyrase (1KZN) and CYP51 (4WMZ) to study the docking interactions with highest docking scores 4h (−8.8 kcal/mol) and 4e (−10.1 kcal/mol), respectively. ADME and Toxicity analysis of docked compounds and reference drugs were also done.HighlightsRoom temperature and ultrasound assisted three-component synthesisSynthesis of biological important 4H-chromene derivatives in H2O: EtOH (1:1) solventHigh yields of products (88–95%) within rapid reaction time (10–15 min).High atom economy 95%.Avoid of column chromatographyIn-silico studiesEasy and fast work upMagnetically separable and reusable catalyst. Room temperature and ultrasound assisted three-component synthesis Synthesis of biological important 4H-chromene derivatives in H2O: EtOH (1:1) solvent High yields of products (88–95%) within rapid reaction time (10–15 min). High atom economy 95%. Avoid of column chromatography In-silico studies Easy and fast work up Magnetically separable and reusable catalyst. </p

Efficacy of LD Bio <i>Aspergillus</i> ICT Lateral Flow Assay for Serodiagnosis of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Background: The diagnosis of CPA relies on the detection of the IgG Aspergillus antibody, which is not freely available, especially in resource-poor settings. Point-of-care tests like LDBio Aspergillus ICT lateral flow assay, evaluated in only a few studies, have shown promising results for the diagnosis of CPA. However, no study has compared the diagnostic performances of LDBio LFA in setting of tuberculosis endemic countries and have compared it with that of IgG Aspergillus. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performances of LDBio LFA in CPA and compare it with existing the diagnostic algorithm utilising ImmunoCAP IgG Aspergillus. Methods: Serial patients presenting with respiratory symptoms (cough, haemoptysis, fever, etc.) for >4 weeks were screened for eligibility. Relevant investigations, including direct microscopy and culture of respiratory secretions, IgG Aspergillus, chest imaging, etc., were done according to existing algorithm. Serums of all patients were tested by LDBio LFA and IgG Aspergillus (ImmunoCAP Asp IgG) and their diagnostic performances were compared. Results: A total of 174 patients were included in the study with ~66.7% patients having past history of tuberculosis. A diagnosis of CPA was made in 74 (42.5%) of patients. The estimated sensitivity and specificity of LDBio LFA was 67.6% (95% CI: 55.7–78%) and 81% (95% CI: 71.9–88.2%), respectively, which increased to 73.3% (95% CI: 60.3–83.9%) and 83.9% (95% CI: 71.7–92.4%), respectively, in patients with a past history of tuberculosis. The sensitivity and specificity of IgG Aspergillus was 82.4% (95% CI: 71.8–90.3%) and 82% (95% CI: 73.1–89%); 86.7% (95% CI: 75.4–94.1%) and 80.4% (95% CI: 67.6–89.8%), in the whole group and those with past history of tuberculosis, respectively. Conclusions: LDBio LFA is a point-of-care test with reasonable sensitivity and specificity. However, further tests may have to be done to rule-in or rule-out the diagnosis of CPA in the appropriate setting

Relationship of Adipocyte Size with Adiposity and Metabolic Risk Factors in Asian Indians

<div><p>Background</p><p>Enlargement of adipocyte is associated with their dysfunction and alterations in metabolic functions.</p><p>Objectives</p><p>We evaluated the association of adipocyte size of subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue with body composition and cardiovascular risk factors in Asian Indians.</p><p>Methodology</p><p>Eighty (40 males and 40 females) non-diabetic adult subjects undergoing elective abdominal surgery were included. Pre-surgery evaluation included anthropometric measurements, % body fat by bioimpedance, abdominal fat area at L_2–3 level (computed tomography) and biochemical investigations (fasting blood glucose and insulin, lipids and hsCRP). During surgery, about 5 grams each of omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained for adipocyte size determination.</p><p>Results</p><p>Females had higher BMI, % body fat, skinfold thickness, total and subcutaneous abdominal fat area as compared to males. Overweight was present in 42.5% and 67.5%, and abdominal obesity in 5% and 52.5% males and females, respectively. Subcutaneous adipocyte size was significantly higher than omental adipocyte size. Omental adipocyte size correlated more strongly than subcutaneous adipocyte size with measures of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference, %BF), total and subcutaneous abdominal fat area and biochemical measures (fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and HOMA-IR), the correlations being stronger in females. The correlation of adipocyte size with metabolic parameters was attenuated after adjusting for measures of adiposity.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Omental adipocyte size, though smaller than the subcutaneous adipocyte size, was more closely related to measures of adiposity and metabolic parameters. However, the relationship was not independent of measures of adiposity.</p></div

Clinical, anthropometric, body composition and biochemical characteristics.

<p>Values in mean±SD (coefficient of variation);</p><p>* mean (interquartile range).</p><p>HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance; hsCRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein.</p><p>Clinical, anthropometric, body composition and biochemical characteristics.</p

Spearman correlation analysis of anthropometric and biochemical parameters with abdominal fat depots.

a<p>: p<0.05;</p>b<p>p<0.01;</p>c<p>: p<0.001.</p><p>hsCRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance.</p><p>Spearman correlation analysis of anthropometric and biochemical parameters with abdominal fat depots.</p

Spearman correlation analysis of anthropometric and biochemical parameters with adipocyte size.

a<p>: p<0.05;</p>b<p>p<0.01;</p>c<p>: p<0.001.</p><p>HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance; hsCRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein.</p><p>Spearman correlation analysis of anthropometric and biochemical parameters with adipocyte size.</p