On the Covariant Quantization of the 2nd-Ilk Superparticle

This paper is devoted to the quantization of the second-ilk superparticle using the Batalin-Vilkovisky method. We show the full structure of the master action. By imposing gauge conditions on the gauge fields rather than on coordinates we find a gauge-fixed quantum action which is free. The structure of the BRST charge is exhibited and the BRST cohomology yields the same physical spectrum as the light- cone quantization of the usual superparticle.Comment: 17 page

Uncertainty analysis of chest X-ray lung height measurements and size matching for lung transplantation

Lung transplantation; Chest X-ray; PrecisionTrasplante de pulmón; Radiografía de tórax; PrecisiónTrasplantament de pulmó; Radiografia de tòrax; PrecisióBackground: Errors in measuring chest X-ray (CXR) lung heights could contribute to the occurrence of size-mismatched lung transplant procedures. Methods: We first used Bland-Altman analysis for repeated measures to evaluate contributors to measurement error of chest X-ray lung height. We then applied error propagation theory to assess the impact of measurement error on size matching for lung transplantation. Results: A total 387 chest X-rays from twenty-five donors and twenty-five recipients were measured by two raters. Individual standard deviation for lung height differences were independent of age, sex, donor vs. recipient, diagnostic group and race/ethnicity and all were pooled for analysis. Bias between raters was 0.27 cm (±0.03) and 0.22 cm (±0.06) for the right and left lung respectively. Within subject variability was the biggest contributor to error in measurement, 2.76 cm (±0.06) and 2.78 cm (±0.2) for the right and left lung height. A height difference of 4.4 cm or more (95% CI: ±4.2, ±4.6 cm) between the donor and the recipient right lung height has to be accepted to ensure matching for at least 95% of patients with the same true lung height. This difference decreases to ±1.1 cm (95% CI: ±0.9, ±1.3 cm) when the average from all available chest X-rays is used. The probability of matching a donor and a recipient decreases with increasing true lung height difference. Conclusions: Individual chest X-ray lung heights are imprecise for the purpose of size matching in lung transplantation. Averaging chest X-rays lung heights reduced uncertainty.This research was supported by the Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences Grant UL1TR002345 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of the NIH

Caracterización de aislamientos de moho verde (Penicillium digitatum) resistentes al fungicida pirimetanil en la región citrícola del río Uruguay

El uso continuado de los fungicidas tiabendazol e imazalil en los empaques citrícolas de la región del río Uruguay ha llevado a la selección y proliferación de aislamientos de moho verde resistentes; este hongo es la principal causa de podredumbres en poscosecha. Recientemente, el fungicida pirimetanil (anilino-pirimidina) (PYR) se ha incorporado a los programas de control de esta enfermedad. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar la resistencia a este fungicida de una colección de aislamientos, obtenida luego de que este principio activo se incorporara a los programas de control en los empaques citrícolas durante un período de aproximadamente 5 años. 122 aislamientos de moho verde fueron recolectados desde Monte Caseros (Corrientes) hasta Concordia (Entre Ríos) durante 2015. Estos fueron obtenidos de frutos con síntomas del patógeno en campo y empaque. Se determinó la concentración de PYR que reduce el crecimiento de las colonias en un 50% (EC50) para cada aislamiento. La EC50 media de los aislamientos recolectados en campo fue de 0,16 ± 0,02 μg mL-1. No se observaron aislamientos resistentes en campo donde el fungicida no es usado. Por el contrario, el 64,4% de los aislamientos recolectados en empaques se muestran resistentes a PYR, con una EC50 media de 5,51 ± 0,37 μg mL-1. Los sensibles presentan una EC50 media de 0,20 ± 0,02 μg mL-1. La información suministrada en este trabajo resulta importante en el monitoreo de la susceptibilidad del moho verde al fungicida PYR en la región citrícola del río Uruguay. La incorporación de este fungicida en los programas de control de moho verde debe hacerse en forma cuidadosa, implementando distintas estrategias para lograr resultados efectivos.The continuous use of the fungicides thiabendazol and imazalil in the citrus packing houses of the Uruguay River region has led to the selection and proliferation of resistant green mold isolates, being this fungus the main cause of postharvest rot. Recently, the fungicide pyrimethanil (anilino-pyrimidine) (PYR) has been incorporated into the control programs of this disease. The objective of the present work was to study the resistance to this fungicide of a collection of isolates, obtained after this active principle was incorporated into control programs in the citrus packaging houses during a period of approximately 5 years. 122 green mold isolates were collected from Monte Caseros (Corrientes) to Concordia (Entre Ríos) during 2015. They were obtained from fruits with symptoms of the pathogen in the field and packaging. The concentration of PYR which reduces colony growth by 50% (EC50) was determined for each isolation. The mean EC50 of the field-collected isolates was 0.16 ± 0.02 μg mL-1. No resistant isolates were observed in the field where the fungicide is not used. In contrast, 64.4% of those collected from packing houses were resistant to PYR, with an average EC50 5.51 ± 0.37 μg mL-1. Those sensible isolates showed an EC50 mean 0.20 ± 0.02 μg mL-1. The information provided in this work is important for monitoring susceptibility of green mold to the fungicide PYR in the citrus region of the Uruguay River. The incorporation of this fungicide in green mold control programs must be done carefully, and different strategies must be implemented to achieve effective results.EEA ConcordiaFil: Panozzo, Marina Graciela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; ArgentinaFil: Almiron, Nanci Jacqueline. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; ArgentinaFil: Bello, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; ArgentinaFil: Vazquez, Daniel Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; Argentin

Estudio de las proteínas de estrés térmico (HSPS) como indicador bioquímico de daño poscosecha en mandarinas Satsuma Okitsu

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la expresión de las HSPs en mandarinas Satsuma Okitsu con diferentes índices de color (IC) a cosecha sometidos a tratamiento de desverdizado y posterior conservación frigorífica, como posible indicador bioquímico de alteraciones fisiológicas. Se cosecharon dos lotes de frutos (Entre Ríos) con índices de color de -12,8 y -9,6, ambos con grado de madurez adecuados para su consumo en fresco. Estos lotes fueron sometidos a tratamiento de desverdizado (1-3 ppm etileno, 72h a 21°C), seguido de descanso (21°C 72 hs, 95% HR) y posterior conservación (30 días a 5°C) y 7 días a 20°C simulando la etapa de comercialización. El análisis se realizó a través de la expresión dos familias de HSPs: 1) la familia de HSP de bajo peso molecular (sHSPs), y 2) la familia de HSP de 70 kDa (HSP70). Se extrajeron las proteínas del flavedo de los frutos utilizando fenol buffereado. Ochenta microgramos (80 μg) de proteínas totales fueron separadas mediante SDS-PAGE y posteriormente analizadas inmunológicamente mediante la técnica de Western blot. A nivel de Western blot, el anti- HSPC1 (sHSPs) inmunoreaccionó con tres bandas proteicas con peso molecular de aprox. 22- 23, 18 y 16 kDa, en ambos lotes de frutas analizados (IC: -12,8 y -9,6). Para el lote con IC -9,6, se observaron diferencias de nivel de expresión de las proteínas de 18 y 16 kDa entre el control y los 30 días de conservación frigorífica. Respecto al lote con IC -12,8, no hubo cambios en la expresión de estas dos proteínas. Por otra parte, el anticuerpo anti-HSP70 sólo inmunoreaccionó en las muestras pertenecientes al lote con menor índice de color (-12,8), dando una única banda de 70 kDa, tanto para la muestra control como para la de 30 días de conservación frigorífica. A partir de estos resultados preliminares podríamos inferir que la expresión diferencial de las HSPs podría ser herramienta para predecir posibles alteraciones fisiológicas que minimicen las pérdidas comerciales provocadas por manchas que pudieran ocasionar el desverdizado y su posterior conservación en frío. ABSTRACT The aim of the present work was evaluate the expression of HSPs in Satsuma Okitsu mandarins in two batches of fruits with different color indexes (CI) at harvest, and subjected to degreening treatment and subsequent refrigeration conservation, as a possible biochemical indicator of physiological alterations. Two batches of fruits (Entre Ríos) were harvested with color indexes of -12.8 and -9.6, both with adequate degree of maturity for the external market. These batches were subjected to degreening treatment (1-3 ppm ethylene, 72h at 21 °C), followed by rest (72hs at 21 °C, 95% RH) and subsequent storage (30 days at 5 °C) and 7 days at 21 °C simulating the marketing stage. The analysis was carried out through the expression of two families of HSPs: 1) the family of HSPs of low molecular weight (sHSPs) and 2) the family of HSP of 70 kDa (HSP70). Proteins (flavedo) were extracted from fruits using buffered phenol. Eighty micrograms (80 μg) of total proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and subsequently analyzed immunologically by the Western blot technique. At the Western blot level, the anti-HSPC1 (sHSPs) immunoreacted with three protein bands with molecular weight of approx. 22-23, 18 and 16 kDa, in both batches of fruits analyzed (CI: -12.8 and -9.6). For the batch with IC - 9.6, differences in the expression level of the 18 and 16 kDa proteins were observed between the control and the 30 days of refrigerated storage. Regarding the batch with IC -12.8, there were no changes in the expression of these two proteins. On the other hand, the anti-HSP70 antibody only immunoreacted in the samples belonging to the batch with the lowest color index (-12.8), giving a single band of 70 kDa, both control and for the 30-day refrigerated conservation samples. From the results obtained we can conclude that the differential expression of the HSPs could be used as a tool to define the management of the fruit, minimizing the commercial losses caused by degreening and cold storage.The aim of the present work was evaluate the expression of HSPs in Satsuma Okitsu mandarins in two batches of fruits with different color indexes (CI) at harvest, and subjected to degreening treatment and subsequent refrigeration conservation, as a possible biochemical indicator of physiological alterations. Two batches of fruits (Entre Ríos) were harvested with color indexes of -12.8 and -9.6, both with adequate degree of maturity for the external market. These batches were subjected to degreening treatment (1-3 ppm ethylene, 72h at 21 °C), followed by rest (72hs at 21 °C, 95% RH) and subsequent storage (30 days at 5 °C) and 7 days at 21 °C simulating the marketing stage. The analysis was carried out through the expression of two families of HSPs: 1) the family of HSPs of low molecular weight (sHSPs) and 2) the family of HSP of 70 kDa (HSP70). Proteins (flavedo) were extracted from fruits using buffered phenol. Eighty micrograms (80 μg) of total proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and subsequently analyzed immunologically by the Western blot technique. At the Western blot level, the anti-HSPC1 (sHSPs) immunoreacted with three protein bands with molecular weight of approx. 22-23, 18 and 16 kDa, in both batches of fruits analyzed (CI: -12.8 and -9.6). For the batch with IC - 9.6, differences in the expression level of the 18 and 16 kDa proteins were observed between the control and the 30 days of refrigerated storage. Regarding the batch with IC -12.8, there were no changes in the expression of these two proteins. On the other hand, the anti-HSP70 antibody only immunoreacted in the samples belonging to the batch with the lowest color index (-12.8), giving a single band of 70 kDa, both control and for the 30-day refrigerated conservation samples. From the results obtained we can conclude that the differential expression of the HSPs could be used as a tool to define the management of the fruit, minimizing the commercial losses caused by degreening and cold storage.Fil: Ambrosi, Vanina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Bello, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia. Entre Rios; Argentina.Fil: Nanni, Mariana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Universidad de Morón. Facultad de Agronomía y Ciencias Agroalimentarias; Argentina.Fil: Vazquez, Daniel Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria. Concordia. Entre Ríos; Argentina.Fil: Guidi, Silvina Mabel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Universidad de Morón. Facultad de Agronomía y Ciencias Agroalimentarias; Argentina

Combinación de curado y bicarbonato de sodio para controlar podredumbres en postcosecha de mandarinas sin fungicidas de síntesis

Ante la problemática de la resistencia a fungicidas de síntesis de los hongos causantes de podredumbres en postcosecha, se han evaluado distintos sistemas de control alternativos. Sin embargo, éstos no consiguen una reducción adecuada de podredumbres sin pérdidas en la calidad de los frutos debido a las dosis necesarias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la combinación de tratamientos de curado (37° C, 90-95% HR) y bicarbonato de sodio (inmersión) disminuyendo las dosis necesarias para inhibir podredumbres y su efecto adverso sobre la calidad. Para ello, se combinaron tratamientos de 9 ó 18 h de curado (CU9 ó CU18, respectivamente) con la aplicación de bicarbonato de sodio al 1 ó 2% (Bic1 ó Bic2, respectivamente), para obtener control del moho verde en mandarinas Ellendale inoculadas previamente con Penicillium digitatum, y se evaluaron las alteraciones en la calidad externa e interna en frutos sin inocular. A su vez, se estudió el control de podredumbres y su efecto sobre la calidad externa e interna de los frutos luego de 7 días a 20º C y, como ensayo confirmatorio, se evaluaron las combinaciones CU9Bic1 y CU9Bic2, simulando una exportación (25 días a 5º C + 7 días a 20º C). Se observó una reducción considerable de podredumbres para los tratamientos de curado combinados con bicarbonato de sodio, y se confirmó para la combinación de CU9 con bicarbonato luego de la simulación de exportación. Las pérdidas de peso, por su parte, fueron muy bajas pero presentaron mayores valores que el testigo en los tratamientos de bicarbonato y CU18, mientras que CU9, solo o combinado, no se diferenció del testigo luego de 7 días a 20º C y fue superior al testigo luego de la exportación pero sin alcanzar un 5% de deshidratación. Los parámetros de calidad interna y externa no presentaron diferencias entre los tratamientos de CU9 con el testigo, a excepción de un aumento en el contenido de etanol para las dosis más elevadas luego de la simulación de exportación.Due to the resistance problems to synthetic fungicides of fungal decay in postharvest, different alternative control systems have been tested. However, they fail to adequately adequate reduction of rots without loss of fruit quality because the doses required. The aim of this work was the combination of curing treatments (37° C, 90-95% RH) and sodium bicarbonate (immersion) decreasing the doses required to inhibit rot and its adverse effect on the quality. For this, it has combined curing treatment 9 or 18 h (CU9 or CU18, respectively) with sodium bicarbonate to 1 or 2% (Bic1 or Bic2, respectively) to obtain green mold control in Ellendale mandarins previously inoculated with Penicillium digitatum, and evaluating the changes in external and internal quality in fruits without inoculate. It was evaluated the inhibition of rot and the effect on the external and internal quality of the fruit after 7 days at 20° C and then as a confirmatory assay were evaluated combinations CU9Bic1 and CU- 9Bic2, simulating the exporting process (25 days at 5° C + 7 days at 20° C). There was a considerable reduction of rots by curing treatments combined with sodium bicarbonate and it was confirmed for the combination of CU9 with bicarbonate, after export simulation. Weight losses, meanwhile, were very low but the treatments bicarbonate and CU18 had higher values than the untreated, while CU9, alone or combined, did not differ after 7 days at 20° C and was greater than this after export without reaching 5% of dehydration. Parameters internal and external quality did not differ between treatments CU9 to the untreated fruits, except for an increase in the ethanol content in the highest dose, later of simulation export.EEA ConcordiaFil: Cocco, Maríangeles. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; ArgentinaFil: Plaza, P. Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentarias. Servicio Técnico de Poscosecha; EspañaFil: Vazquez, Daniel Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; ArgentinaFil: Meier, Guillermo Enrique. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; ArgentinaFil: Bello, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; Argentin