The veal quality of Slovak Simmental breed in relation to sex

Article Details: Received: 2020-11-03 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.118-121The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of sex on selected fattening, carcass and qualitative veal parameters of Slovak Simmental breed. The comparison was carried out on the 8 male and the 8 female animals. The animals were reared under the same housing conditions and were fed with grass hay (ad libitum), feed straw and calves feed concentrate, and had a free access to the fresh water. The fattening period started from about 70 days of age to required final weight. Length of the fattening period was 180 days. The slaughter and carcass composition, carcass yield, qualitative, physical and technological characteristics of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle were studied. We found a significantly higher proportion of bones and a significantly higher proportion of separable fat in the carcass half in males. Higher proportion of meat were found in females. At the heifers was found, although not significantly, a higher proportion of internal fat (rumen, intestinal, kidney, pelvic). Significantly different pH measured 24 hours post mortem was found between males and females (P<0.01). Parameter of meat colour – lightness was higher identified in male calves at 24 hour and 7 days post mortem. Higher redness value was identified in female calves at 24 hour and 7 days post mortem. Keywords: Slovak Simmental breed, sex, carcass, veal qualityReferencesBARTOŇ, L. et al. (2003). Growth, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics of Czech Pied and Holstein bulls. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 48, (11): 466–474. Czech Journal of Animal ScienceCAFFERKY, J. et al. (2019) Efect of Breed and Gender on Meat Quality of M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum Muscle from Crossbred Beef Bulls and Steers. Foods 2019, 8, 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8050173ĆIRIĆ, J. et al. (2017) The relationship between the carcass characteristics and meat composition of young Simmental beef cattle. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 85 012061. 59th International Meat Industry Conference MEATCON 2017, Zlatibor, Serbia, 6; https://doi :10.1088/1755-1315/85/1/012061DAZA, A. et al. (2014) Effect of gender on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat and fat quality of calves of Avileña-Negra Ibérica breed fattened under free-range conditions. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 12(3): 683-693. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2014123-4693 ISSN: 1695-971XFILIPČÍK, R. et al. ( 2009) The factors influencing beef quality in bulls, heifers and steers. Slovak J. Anim. Sci., 42, (2): 54–61.  ISSN 1337-9984KUČEVIĆ, D. et al. (2019) Influence of Farm Management for Calves on Growth Performance and Meat Quality Traits Duration Fattening of Simmental Bulls and Heifers. Animals, 9, 941; http//doi:10.3390/ani9110941LI, Q. et al. (2018)  Effects of age on slaughter performance and meat quality of Binlangjang male buffalo. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 25, 248–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.10.001LUKIC, M. et al. (2016) Carcass performance of Simmental and Holstein Friesian beef cattle in Serbia. Meat Technology 57, 2, 95–101. ISSN 2466-4812. ID: 227939852.MARENČIĆ,D. (2018) The effect of sex and age at slaughter on the physicochemical properties of baby-beef meat. Veterinarski Arhiv 88 (1), 101-110. DOI: 10.24099/vet.arhiv.160720MUIŽNIECE, I. et al. (2020) Effect of sex and age on beef cattle meat pH. Agricultural Science and Practice, Vol. 7, No. 2. ISSN: 2312–3370, UDC 636.2.03SANTOS, P.V., et al. (2013). Carcass physical composition and meat quality of Holstein calves, terminated in different finishing systems and slaughter weights. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 37(5), 443-450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542013000500008WĘGLARZ, A. (2010) Meat quality defined based on pH and colour depending on cattle category and slaughter season. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 55 (12): 548–556. https://doi.org/10.17221/2520-CJA

Influence of birth weight and weaning weight on performance and veal quality

Submitted 2020-07-02 | Accepted 2020-09-04 | Available 2020-12-01https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.mi-fpap.116-123The aim of this paper was to evaluate the influence of birth weight and weaning weight on selected fattening, carcass, physical technological parameters and proximate composition of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle from forty-five Holstein bull calves. Effect of birth weight: group1 (mean 36.98 kg), group 2 (mean 38.61 kg), group 3 (mean 41.11 kg) and weaning weight: group A (mean 88.54 kg), group B (mean 97.56 kg), group C (mean 116.09 kg) on parameters of Holstein veal production were examined. Each group was consisted of 15 animals. Slaughter weight, weight gains, body measurements, carcass conformation, retail yield (meat, trimmed fat, bones), and meat characteristics 24 hours and 7 days post mortem (pH, drip loss, shear force, colour, chemical composition) were studied. Calves of group 2 had highest lifetime average daily gains. Among monitored groups, significant effect of birth weight and weaning weight on hip height and heart girth were revealed. Dressing percentage (P0.05) little due to weaning weight. Calves of lighter birth weight had the least retail meat yield, but the most bones in carcass. Little effect of weaning weight on protein content (P<0.05) and energy value (P<0.01) or birth weight on energy value (P<0.05) of Longissimus muscle was revealed. Effect of birth weight or weaning weight on worsening or improving of physical technological traits of veal Longissimus muscle was not clear. Significantly different pH 24 hours post mortem was found in higher birth weight (P<0.01) and lower weaning weight (P<0.05). Parameters of meat colour – lightness and redness were not influenced by birth weight, but significantly affected by weaning weight (P<0.05). Content of palmitic acid was affected by both – birth weight and weaning weight (P<0.01). 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