Incompressible limit of mechanical model of tumor growth with viscosity

Various models of tumor growth are available in the litterature. A first class describes the evolution of the cell number density when considered as a continuous visco-elastic material with growth. A second class, describes the tumor as a set and rules for the free boundary are given related to the classical Hele-Shaw model of fluid dynamics. Following the lines of previous papers where the material is described by a purely elastic material, or when active cell motion is included, we make the link between the two levels of description considering the 'stiff pressure law' limit. Even though viscosity is a regularizing effect, new mathematical difficulties arise in the visco-elastic case because estimates on the pressure field are weaker and do not imply immediately compactness. For instance, traveling wave solutions and numerical simulations show that the pressure may be discontinous in space which is not the case for the elastic case.Comment: 17 page

Reduction to a single closed equation for 2 by 2 reaction-diffusion systems of Lotka-Volterra type

We consider general models of coupled reaction-diffusion systems for interacting variants of the same species. When the total population becomes large with intensive competition, we prove that the frequencies (i.e. proportions) of the variants can be approached by the solution of a simpler reaction-diffusion system, through a singular limit method and a relative compactness argument. As an example of application, we retrieve the classical bistable equation for Wolbachia's spread into an arthropod population from a system modeling interaction between infected and uninfected individuals

Numerical methods for one-dimensional aggregation equations

We focus in this work on the numerical discretization of the one dimensional aggregation equation \pa_t\rho + \pa_x (v\rho)=0, $v=a(W'*\rho)$, in the attractive case. Finite time blow up of smooth initial data occurs for potential $W$ having a Lipschitz singularity at the origin. A numerical discretization is proposed for which the convergence towards duality solutions of the aggregation equation is proved. It relies on a careful choice of the discretized macroscopic velocity $v$ in order to give a sense to the product $v \rho$. Moreover, using the same idea, we propose an asymptotic preserving scheme for a kinetic system in hyperbolic scaling converging towards the aggregation equation in hydrodynamical limit. Finally numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the results

Incompressible limit of the Navier-Stokes model with a growth term

Starting from isentropic compressible Navier-Stokes equations with growth term in the continuity equation, we rigorously justify that performing an incompressible limit one arrives to the two-phase free boundary fluid system

Equivalence between duality and gradient flow solutions for one-dimensional aggregation equations

Existence and uniqueness of global in time measure solution for a one dimensional nonlinear aggregation equation is considered. Such a system can be written as a conservation law with a velocity field computed through a selfconsistant interaction potential. Blow up of regular solutions is now well established for such system. In Carrillo et al. (Duke Math J (2011)), a theory of existence and uniqueness based on the geometric approach of gradient flows on Wasserstein space has been developped. We propose in this work to establish the link between this approach and duality solutions. This latter concept of solutions allows in particular to define a flow associated to the velocity field. Then an existence and uniqueness theory for duality solutions is developped in the spirit of James and Vauchelet (NoDEA (2013)). However, since duality solutions are only known in one dimension, we restrict our study to the one dimensional case

Derivation of the bacterial run-and-tumble kinetic equation from a model with biochemical pathway

Kinetic-transport equations are, by now, standard models to describe the dynamics of populations of bacteria moving by run-and-tumble. Experimental observations show that bacteria increase their run duration when encountering an increasing gradient of chemotactic molecules. This led to a first class of models which heuristically include tumbling frequencies depending on the path-wise gradient of chemotactic signal. More recently, the biochemical pathways regulating the flagellar motors were uncovered. This knowledge gave rise to a second class of kinetic-transport equations, that takes into account an intra-cellular molecular content and which relates the tumbling frequency to this information. It turns out that the tumbling frequency depends on the chemotactic signal, and not on its gradient. For these two classes of models, macroscopic equations of Keller-Segel type, have been derived using diffusion or hyperbolic rescaling. We complete this program by showing how the first class of equations can be derived from the second class with molecular content after appropriate rescaling. The main difficulty is to explain why the path-wise gradient of chemotactic signal can arise in this asymptotic process. Randomness of receptor methylation events can be included, and our approach can be used to compute the tumbling frequency in presence of such a noise

Traveling wave solution of the Hele-Shaw model of tumor growth with nutrient

Several mathematical models of tumor growth are now commonly used to explain medical observations and predict cancer evolution based on images. These models incorporate mechanical laws for tissue compression combined with rules for nutrients availability which can differ depending on the situation under consideration, in vivo or in vitro. Numerical solutions exhibit, as expected from medical observations, a proliferative rim and a necrotic core. However, their precise profiles are rather complex, both in one and two dimensions.Comment: 25 page