Comparative research of effectiveness of cellulose and fiberglass porous membrane carriers for bio sampling in veterinary and food industry monitoring

The aim of proposed research is to study the applicability of fiberglass porous membrane materials in a new strip format for dried blood storage in food industry monitoring. A comparative analysis of cellulosic and fiberglass porous membrane materials was carried out to obtain dried samples of serum or blood and the possibility of further species-specific analysi

Obesity in children and adolescents: diagnosis criteria

Currently in the world the main diagnostic parameter for assessing obesity is the magnitude of body mass index. In children, taking into account the growth and body weight indicators that dynamically change as the child grows up, it is common to use not absolute, but relative values of body mass index — percentiles or standard deviations. The lecture examined various systems and methods for assessing the physical development of children in the world and in Russia — domestic ones, R.N. Dorokhova and I.I. Bakhraha, World Health Organization (WHO), International Group for the Study of Obesity. A comparative analysis of the existing systems and the validity of the currently adopted Federal recommendations on the diagnosis of obesity in children based on the recommendations of WHO has been carried out

СИСТЕМА ВНУТРЕННЕГО КОНТРОЛЯ И АУДИТА В СТРАХОВЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯХ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

The article studies the issues of organization of internal control systems as a form of realization of the risk function of insurance. The statistical data on the insurance services market are analyzed and the directions of the development of the internal control and audit system of insurance organizations are substantiated, its relationship with the state financial control of the financial stability of the subjects of the insurance business. We consider an automated system of internal financial control and audit, built on the principles of a risk-oriented approach in accordance with the standards of Solvency II, as a mechanism that facilitates the achievement of a local compromise in the relations of participants in insurance economic relations. In the course of the study, it was concluded that insurance companies need to implement an effective internal control system that would allow the insurance supervisory authorities to carry out a preventive identification of risks of loss of financial stability and solvency of insurance supervisors.Purpose – to develop a model of the system of internal control and audit of insurance companies in the system of state insurance supervision in accordance with the risk-based approach.Methodology: the article is prepared on the basis of Desk research, information is collected through qualitative methods of data collection, namely comparative analysis, factor analysis, formalized content analysis.Results: a model of the internal control and audit system based on the principles of risk-based supervision for the early diagnosis of risks of insurance companies.The scientific novelty of the research is the development of recommendations for improving the principles and methods of internal control and audit of the insurance company in the system of state insurance supervision, based on the principles of risk-oriented for the purpose of preventive risk diagnosis of the insurer.Practical implications it is advisable to apply the results of the subjects of insurance supervision, in particular insurance companies and insurance supervision bodies.В статье исследуются вопросы организации систем внутреннего контроля как формы реализации рисковой функции страхования. Анализируются статистические данные по рынку страховых услуг и обосновываются направления развития системы внутреннего контроля и аудита страховых организаций, её взаимосвязь c государственным финансовым контролем финансовой устойчивости субъектов страхового дела. Рассматривается автоматизированная система внутреннего финансового контроля и аудита, построенная на принципах риск-ориентированного подхода в соответствии со стандартами Solvency II, как механизм, способствующий достижению локального компромисса в отношениях участников страховых экономических отношений. В ходе проведения исследования был сделан вывод о том, что страховым организациям необходимо внедрение эффективной системы внутреннего контроля, которая позволяла бы органам страхового надзора осуществлять превентивное выявление рисков потери финансовой устойчивости и платежеспособности субъектов страхового надзора.Цель – разработка модели системы внутреннего контроля и аудита страховых организаций в системе государственного страхового надзора в соответствии с риск-ориентированным подходом.Метод или методология проведения работы: статья подготовлена на основе проведения кабинетных исследований, информация собрана посредством качественных методов сбора данных, а именно сравнительного анализа, факторного анализа, формализованного контент-анализа.Результаты: разработана модель системы внутреннего контроля и аудита, основанная на принципах риск-ориентированного надзора в целях ранней диагностики рисков страховых организаций.Научная новизна исследования – разработка рекомендаций по совершенствованию принципов и методов внутреннего контроля и аудита страховой организации в системе государственного страхового надзора, построенной на принципах риск-ориентированного в целях превентивной диагностики рисков страховщика.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять субъектами страхового надзора, в частности страховыми организациями и органами страхового надзора

Comparison of the accuracy of resting energy expenditure assessment using bioimpedance analysis and indirect respiratory calorimetry in children with simple obesity

Background: Assessment of resting energy expenditure (REE) is necessary for the formation of a diet for obesity patients. The «gold standard» for assessment of resting energy expenditure (REE) is indirect respiratory calorimetry. Currently, bioimpedance analyzers are increasingly being used in clinical practice to assess energy consumption at rest, including in obese children. However, the accuracy of such an assessment remains unclear.Aims: To determine the accuracy of the assessment of resting energy expenditure using bioimpedance analysis in children with simple obesity compared with indirect respiratory calorimetry.Materials and methods: Resting energy expenditure was assessed by bioimpedance analysis, Harris-Benedict formula and indirect respiratory calorimetry in all obese children. Comparability of methods was assessed using the Bland-Altman analysis.Results: The study included 320 children aged 7 to 17 years with simple obesity.Resting energy expenditure assessed by bioimpedance analysis was on average 232 kcal lower than the actual. A significant CI (-448 to 912 kcal) was revealed, as well as a large LOA from -514 to 979 kcal. REE calculated by the Harris-Benedict formula on average corresponded to the actual one, and CI varied from -38 to 27 kcal. However, large LOA from -514 to 979 kcal, indicating a high individual variability of resting energy consumption.Conclusions: Bioimpedance analyzers underestimate REE in obese children compared to indirect respiratory calorimetry and the Harris-Benedict formula. Given the significant discrepancies in the accuracy of REE assessment, bioimpedance analysis cannot be considered as an alternative to indirect respiratory calorimetry to assess resting energy in children with simple obesity

IMPROVEMENT OF ANTIMONOPOLY REGULATION OF THE INSURANCE MARKET OF RUSSIA SYSTEM

Статья посвящена актуальным вопросам антимонопольного регулирования российского страхового рынка. На основе анализа ситуации, сложившейся на страховом рынке, выявлены противоречия участников страховых отношений, которые в настоящее время обостряются в результате монополизации страхового рынка. Обоснована возможность достижения локального компромисса между страховщиком и страхователем в условиях конкурентного предложения страховой защиты на страховом рынке.The article is devoted to topical issues of antimonopoly regulation of the Russian insurance market. Based on the analysis of the situation in the insurance market, revealed contradictions participants of insurance relations, which are now exacerbated as a result of the monopolization of the insurance market. The possibility of achieving local compromise between the insurer and the insured in a competitive offer insurance protection in the insurance market

Hydrocarbons as ore fluids

Conventional wisdom holds that aqueous solutions are the only non-magmatic fluids capable of concentrating metals in the Earth’s crust. The role of hydrocarbons in metal concentration is relegated to providing geochemical barriers at which the metals are reduced and immobilised. Liquid hydrocarbons, however, are also known to be able to carry appreciable concentrations of metals, and travel considerable distances. Here we report the results of an experimental determination of bulk solubilities of Au, Zn, and U in a variety of crude oils at temperatures up to 300 °C and of the benchtop-scale transport experiments that simulate hydrocarbon-mediated re-deposition of Zn at 25–200 °C. It has been demonstrated that the metal concentrations obtained in solubility experiments are within the range of concentrations that are typically considered sufficient for aqueous fluids to form ore bodies. It has also been shown that Zn can be efficiently transported and re-deposited by hydrocarbons. These results provide direct evidence of the ability of natural crude oils to mobilise metals available in hydrocarbon-associated host rocks, and transport them in concentrations sufficient to contribute to ore-forming processes

One-hour postload plasma glucose levels as a new criterion for assessing insulin secretion in obese children

BACKGROUND: Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and associated dysglycemic conditions, increasing the risk of diabetes development, continues to rise worldwide, most notably due to ever-growing obesity rate. Early identification of the persons who are exposed to the risk of T2DM development holds much significance for prevention of both this disease and associated cardiometabolic complications.AIM: To study characteristics of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity among obese children and adolescents versus the glycemic level 60 minutes (GL60) after the standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).METHODS: This open-label comparative cross-sectional study involved 613 children in the age between 6 and 17.9 years old with constitutive-exogenous obesity, divided into 2 groups: 173 patients with GL60 level ≥ 8.6 mmol/L and 440 children with GL60 level < 8.6 mmol/L. They underwent a screening for dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, arterial hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Insulin secretion was evaluated on the basis of maximal (IRI max), average level (IRI avg) of insulin in the course of OGTT and insulinogenic index (IGI), insulin resistance (IG) — by Matsuda index.RESULTS: The groups were comparable in the terms of age, sex, sexual maturation stage and obesity level. Children with GL60 level ≥ 8.6 mmol/L were characterized by higher IR (Matsuda 2.8 ± 2.3 vs 3.5 ± 2.2, р < 0.01), hyperinsulinemia (IRI max 190.0 ± 59.5 vs 157.1 ± 63.4 μU/ml, р < 0.001, IRI avg 115.3 ± 59.7 vs 90.2 ± 54.1 μU/ml, p < 0.001) along with low IGI value (1.84 ± 1.62 vs 2.61 ± 1.3, р < 0.01), which is indicative of the first phase insulin secretion impairment. The lowest IGI values were found among the "GL60 level ≥ 8.6 mmol/L" group patients with IGT (1.4 ± 0.9). Besides, the patients with GL60 level ≥ 8.6 mmol/L are characterized by the higher rate of metabolic complications in the form of impaired glucose tolerance, arterial hypertension, fatty hepatosis and steatohepatitis.CONCLUSIONS: GL60 level ≥ 8.6 mmol/L can be used as an additional marker for metabolically complicated obesity among children and adolescents with a high risk of the carbohydrate metabolism disorder development

Comparison of the accuracy of resting metabolic rate in children with simple obesity using calculation formulas and indirect respiratory calorimetry

BACKGROUND: A prerequisite for planning a diet for weight loss in obese children is to determine the level of resting metabolic rate (RMR). The gold standard for estimating the daily energy consumption of rest is indirect respiratory calorimetry. However, given its high cost and labor intensity, various calculation formulas are widely used in clinical practice. AIMS: to determine the accuracy of resting metabolic rate estimated by calculation formulas and indirect respiratory calorimetry in children with simple obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 100 children aged 9 to 18 years, with a «simple» constitutional-exogenous obesity, which assessed the resting metabolic rate estimated by calculation formulas and indirect respiratory calorimetry. RESULTS: The Molnar formula most accurately estimates resting metabolic rate, comparable to the results of indirect respiratory calorimetry in 64% of cases. The Harris-Benedict and IOM formulas yield an accurate result in 53 and 51% of the cases, respectively. The least accurate result is shown by WHO formula (22%). The minimum mean difference between the calculated and actual basal metabolic rate in obese boys for the Molnar formula is 18 kcal (CI: -53 to 90, 95% LOA from -490 to 527), in girls: -0.7 kcal (CI) : -65 - 63, 95% LOA from -435 to 434). Attention is drawn to the large mean difference and wide spread of the boundaries of the agreement of the studied indicators in obese children. In the evaluation, depending on the degree of obesity, it is shown that the formula Molnar has the highest accuracy, however, in children with morbid obesity, the accuracy of the evaluation is significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Indirect respiratory calorimetry is the preferred method of assessing resting metabolic rate in children with simple obesity

Glass-fiber membranes for storing, transportation and further characterization of agricultural plant biomaterial

The modified glass-fiber membranes possess high mechanical strength, good wetting and storage capacity, these properties render them a promising medium for storing dry biomaterial collected from agricultural plants. The obtained results prove usability of membrane carriers for crop science as a whole and detection of plant diseases in particular, and for food quality monitoring, especially carried out in the fiel