Investigation of Hygroscopic Properties of the Spelt Grain

The object of research is the hygroscopic properties of the not collapsed (with flower films) and the collapsed (with the removed films) spelt grains. One of the problems is that during post-harvest processing and storage of spelt grain in different environmental conditions, its moisture can occur, which can lead to deterioration in the quality of the harvested crop. To prevent this, it is necessary to know the hygroscopic properties of spelt, in particular its equilibrium moisture, depending on the parameters of the air – its temperature and relative humidity. It is promising to predict the equilibrium moisture content of spelt according to the conditions of its processing or storage, which will avoid undesirable consequences. For the study of the hygroscopic properties of not collapsed and collapsed spelt, a common tensometric method for determining the equilibrium moisture is used. The experiments are carried out in the range of air temperatures of 5...25 °C and its relative humidity of 33...70 %, simulating the conditions of active ventilation and storage of grain at different times of the year. The numerical values of the equilibrium moisture content of spelt of variety Zorya Ukrainy of 2016 harvest are obtained for the indicated temperature ranges and relative air humidity. The equilibrium humidity of not collapsed spelt (in flower films) is within 9.35...13.78 %, collapsed (without films) – within 9.98...14.58 %. Compared with not collapsed spelt, the equilibrium moisture content of the collapsed is higher by 0.42...0.74 %, which must be taken into account when storing the latter. The nature of the dependence of the equilibrium humidity of not collapsed and collapsed spelt on the parameters of the ambient air – temperature and relative humidity is established. An empirical equation is proposed that allows predicting the values of the equilibrium moisture content of spelt depending on environmental parameters. This allows to justify the rational modes of post-harvest processing of spelt, especially active ventilation, predict safe storage periods depending on environmental conditions and prevent a decline in grain quality indicators

Generalization of the Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Cyclone and Vortex Chambers During Their Functioning

The object of research is cyclone and vortex chambers. Dust collectors in the form of cyclones and vortex chambers are promising for studying the process and improving their designs. One of the most problematic areas is the purification of aerodisperse systems, high hydraulic resistance, complex operation and installation, the need for powerful blowing devices.The methods used to clean aerodisperse systems from dust, fog and harmful impurities, and the required purification efficiency are determined by sanitary and technological requirements. They also depend on the physicochemical properties of the impurities themselves, on the composition and activity of the reagents, and on the design of the devices used for purification. In connection with this, various technologies and methods of purification are used.During the research:− analysis of the state of the theoretical description of the processes of «dry» purification of aerodisperse systems and known structures is performed;− analysis of methods for calculating the degree of gas purification from dust;− it is proved that modern methods of calculation don't take into account some parameters, namely:the characteristic structure of the swirling flow;extinction of the swirling intensity as the flow is removed from the swirler;changes in gas density in the radial direction under the action of centrifugal mass forces;changes in the distribution of dispersed particles in size after passage of the air-dispersed system of swirlers;− it is suggested to consider in the calculations and studies the dust purification device as a complex;− it is proved that the proposed design most fully reflects the features of the process of «dry» purification of the dust and gas flow;− an equation is obtained which allows to estimate the tangential component of the rotation velocity of aerodisperse systems in a cyclone;− it is proved that the tangential component of the rotation velocity of the aerodisperse systems in the vortex apparatus varies depending on the intensity of the vortex and its attenuation.Due to the study of flow dynamics, it is possible to increase the degree of flow purification, to improve the design of the dust purification equipment