118 research outputs found
Short term analysis of total hip replacement done with constrained acetabular component - functional and radiological outcome
Background: Dislocation remains at the forefront of complications after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). In our study, we talk about the use of constrained liners and its outcomes in an unstable hip.Methods: The total number of patients included in the study was 15. The total number of hips in the study were 15. The age group of the patients varied between 51 years and 89 years with mean age group of 73 years. The most common indication in our study was dislocation contributing 60% (n=9) of the hips.Results: The post-operative mean Harris hip score (HHS) at immediate post-operative was 67.6. There was a gradual improvement in the HHS through 6 months (77.6), one year (83.3), two years (86.7) and 3 years (90.33). There were no cases with post-operative septic or aseptic loosening in the radiological analysis. The mean cup inclination was 34.3. Out of the 13 hips, in eight hips the femoral stem was in varus. Five hips had a centrally placed femoral stem. Stability management in THA have seen the component design take centre stage, primarily with the use of larger diameter femoral heads and the rise in popularity of constrained acetabular liners (CAL). Several authors have done studies which talk about the stability of this implant design and the reliability of this implant in unstable hips and in hips where instability was expected.Conclusions: In our study, proximal femur tumours, dislocated total hips, abductor insufficiencies and aseptic loosening all showed good results
Middle third clavicle fractures are the most common fractures in head injuries: a biomechanical and epidemiological study in 1000 patients
A consecutive series of 1000 cases of head injury, out of which 385 patients presented with fractures. In the 385 patients with fractures, 179 patients presented with clavicle fractures, among that, 127 are middle third fractures. Out of the 189 patients who had clavicle fractures, 90% of them had direct blow to shoulders and 10% had fallen on the outstretched hand. This variation with the mechanism of injury was further investigated by biomechanical analysis of the forces involved in clavicular fractures.
Sodium Intake, Blood Pressure, and Dietary Sources of Sodium in an Adult South Indian Population
BackgroundThe association between prevalence of hypertension and its relationship with dietary sodium intake has never been published from large epidemiological studies in the South Indian population before.ObjectivesTo assess sodium intake and its association with blood pressure, and major dietary sources of sodium in an adult population in southeastern India.MethodsThis study included a representative population-based sample of 8080 individuals (57% women) >20 years of age. Individuals with previous history of hypertension and outliers for sodium intake were excluded, resulting in a sample size of 6876, with 4269 from semi-urban/urban and 2607 from rural areas. Baseline measurements included evaluation of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, anthropometric, sociodemographic, and psychosocial parameters. Based on 24-hour recall, we calculated total daily sodium intake and the percentage contributed by each food group to the total sodium intake. Participants were assigned based on quintiles of dietary sodium intake. Mixed-effects multivariable linear regression models assessed the association of SBP and DBP with sodium intake.FindingsMen had higher mean sodium intake (4.1 ± 2 versus 3.2 ± 1.7 g/day; 'P' ConclusionIn a South Indian population, the dietary intake of sodium was higher than recommendations by major dietary guidelines and was an independent predictor of SBP
In-Datacenter Performance Analysis of a Tensor Processing Unit
Many architects believe that major improvements in cost-energy-performance
must now come from domain-specific hardware. This paper evaluates a custom
ASIC---called a Tensor Processing Unit (TPU)---deployed in datacenters since
2015 that accelerates the inference phase of neural networks (NN). The heart of
the TPU is a 65,536 8-bit MAC matrix multiply unit that offers a peak
throughput of 92 TeraOps/second (TOPS) and a large (28 MiB) software-managed
on-chip memory. The TPU's deterministic execution model is a better match to
the 99th-percentile response-time requirement of our NN applications than are
the time-varying optimizations of CPUs and GPUs (caches, out-of-order
execution, multithreading, multiprocessing, prefetching, ...) that help average
throughput more than guaranteed latency. The lack of such features helps
explain why, despite having myriad MACs and a big memory, the TPU is relatively
small and low power. We compare the TPU to a server-class Intel Haswell CPU and
an Nvidia K80 GPU, which are contemporaries deployed in the same datacenters.
Our workload, written in the high-level TensorFlow framework, uses production
NN applications (MLPs, CNNs, and LSTMs) that represent 95% of our datacenters'
NN inference demand. Despite low utilization for some applications, the TPU is
on average about 15X - 30X faster than its contemporary GPU or CPU, with
TOPS/Watt about 30X - 80X higher. Moreover, using the GPU's GDDR5 memory in the
TPU would triple achieved TOPS and raise TOPS/Watt to nearly 70X the GPU and
200X the CPU.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, 8 tables. To appear at the 44th International
Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA), Toronto, Canada, June 24-28, 201
Charting the NF-ÎșB Pathway Interactome Map
Inflammation is part of a complex physiological response to harmful stimuli and pathogenic stress. The five components of the Nuclear Factor ÎșB (NF-ÎșB) family are prominent mediators of inflammation, acting as key transcriptional regulators of hundreds of genes. Several signaling pathways activated by diverse stimuli converge on NF-ÎșB activation, resulting in a regulatory system characterized by high complexity. It is increasingly recognized that the number of components that impinges upon phenotypic outcomes of signal transduction pathways may be higher than those taken into consideration from canonical pathway representations. Scope of the present analysis is to provide a wider, systemic picture of the NF-ÎșB signaling system. Data from different sources such as literature, functional enrichment web resources, protein-protein interaction and pathway databases have been gathered, curated, integrated and analyzed in order to reconstruct a single, comprehensive picture of the proteins that interact with, and participate to the NF-ÎșB activation system. Such a reconstruction shows that the NF-ÎșB interactome is substantially different in quantity and quality of components with respect to canonical representations. The analysis highlights that several neglected but topologically central proteins may play a role in the activation of NF-ÎșB mediated responses. Moreover the interactome structure fits with the characteristics of a bow tie architecture. This interactome is intended as an open network resource available for further development, refinement and analysis
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Averting biodiversity collapse in tropical forest protected areas
The rapid disruption of tropical forests probably imperils global biodiversity more than any other contemporary phenomenonÂčâ»Âł. With deforestation advancing quickly, protected areas are increasingly becoming final refuges for threatened species and natural ecosystem processes. However, many protected areas in the tropics are themselves vulnerable to human encroachment and other environmental stressesâŽâ»âč. As pressures mount, it is vital to know whether existing reserves can sustain their biodiversity. A critical constraint in addressing this question has been that data describing a broad array of biodiversity groups have been unavailable for a sufficiently large and representative sample of reserves. Here we present a uniquely comprehensive data set on changes over the past 20 to 30 years in 31 functional groups of species and 21 potential drivers of environmental change, for 60 protected areas stratified across the worldâs major tropical regions. Our analysis reveals great variation in reserve âhealthâ: about half of all reserves have been effective or performed passably, but the rest are experiencing an erosion of biodiversity that is often alarmingly widespread taxonomically and functionally. Habitat disruption, hunting and forest-product exploitation were the strongest predictors of declining reserve health. Crucially, environmental changes immediately outside reserves seemed nearly as important as those inside in determining their ecological fate, with changes inside reserves strongly mirroring those occurring around them. These findings suggest that tropical protected areas are often intimately linked ecologically to their surrounding habitats, and that a failure to stem broad-scale loss and degradation of such habitats could sharply increase the likelihood of serious biodiversity declines.Keywords: Ecology, Environmental scienc
Does overvaluation of bidder stock drive acquisitions? The case of public and private targets
We test the implications of the Misvaluation hypothesis (Shleifer and Vishny, 2003) for a large sample of acquirers of private and public target firms. Consistent with the Misvaluation hypothesis we find that acquirers are overvalued. The overvaluation is higher for stock acquisitions of private targets. We find that the announcement period returns are lower for firms that are overvalued at the time of acquisition. Announcement period returns are lower for larger acquisitions of public targets and higher for larger acquisitions of private targets. We also examine the factors that determine stock as the method of payment. Consistent with the Misvaluation hypothesis we find that firms that have higher valuation measures at the time of acquisition tend to use stock. Acquirers of public targets tend to use stock more frequently
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