SENSING of the structure of the radio wave refractivity in the troposphere by a network of satellite navigation system receivers in the city of Kazan

We present the results of an experimental study of the structure of the radio-wave refractivity and its dynamics by a network of seven ground-based GPS and GLONASS receivers in Kazan, Russia. It is shown that the remote sensing results agree well with the data of weather stations, radio sounding, and reanalysis. The standard deviation of the refractivity value, which are obtained using the sensing results from the radio sounding data amounts to 2% of the average value at altitudes of up to 500 m. It is found that the refractivity structure has overnight variations, as well as and mesoscale spatial and temporal variability. ©2011 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

SENSING of the structure of the radio wave refractivity in the troposphere by a network of satellite navigation system receivers in the city of Kazan

We present the results of an experimental study of the structure of the radio-wave refractivity and its dynamics by a network of seven ground-based GPS and GLONASS receivers in Kazan, Russia. It is shown that the remote sensing results agree well with the data of weather stations, radio sounding, and reanalysis. The standard deviation of the refractivity value, which are obtained using the sensing results from the radio sounding data amounts to 2% of the average value at altitudes of up to 500 m. It is found that the refractivity structure has overnight variations, as well as and mesoscale spatial and temporal variability. ©2011 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

SENSING of the structure of the radio wave refractivity in the troposphere by a network of satellite navigation system receivers in the city of Kazan

We present the results of an experimental study of the structure of the radio-wave refractivity and its dynamics by a network of seven ground-based GPS and GLONASS receivers in Kazan, Russia. It is shown that the remote sensing results agree well with the data of weather stations, radio sounding, and reanalysis. The standard deviation of the refractivity value, which are obtained using the sensing results from the radio sounding data amounts to 2% of the average value at altitudes of up to 500 m. It is found that the refractivity structure has overnight variations, as well as and mesoscale spatial and temporal variability. ©2011 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

SENSING of the structure of the radio wave refractivity in the troposphere by a network of satellite navigation system receivers in the city of Kazan

We present the results of an experimental study of the structure of the radio-wave refractivity and its dynamics by a network of seven ground-based GPS and GLONASS receivers in Kazan, Russia. It is shown that the remote sensing results agree well with the data of weather stations, radio sounding, and reanalysis. The standard deviation of the refractivity value, which are obtained using the sensing results from the radio sounding data amounts to 2% of the average value at altitudes of up to 500 m. It is found that the refractivity structure has overnight variations, as well as and mesoscale spatial and temporal variability. ©2011 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

Technical and Engineering Feasibility Study of the Vitrification of Plutonium-Bearing Sludges at the Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Combine by Means of Microwave Heating

This engineering feasibility study compared three possible technical options and their economic viability of processing plutonium-bearing sludges containing 0.6 MT of weapons-grade Pu accumulated at the Mining and Chemical Combine (MCC) at Krasnoyarsk. In Option 1, the baseline, the sludges are processed by extraction and purification of plutonium for storage using existing technologies, and the non-soluble radioactive residues generated in these processes undergo subsequent solidification by cementation. Options 2 and 3 involve the direct immobilization of plutonium-bearing sludges into a solid matrix (without any Pu extraction) using a microwave solidification process in a metal crucible to produce a glass, which is boron-silicate in Option 2 and phosphate glass in Option 3. In all three options, the solid radioactive waste end products will be placed in storage for eventual geologic disposal. Immobilization of residual plutonium into glass-like matrices provides both safer storage over the lifetime of the radionuclides and greater security against unauthorized access to stored materials than does the extraction and concentration of PuO{sub 2}, supporting our efforts toward non-proliferation of fissile materials. Although immobilization in boron-silicate glass appears now to be marginally preferable compared to the phosphate glass option, a number of technical issues remain to be assessed by further study to determine the preferable immobilization option

Self-similar computing structures for CPSs: a case study on POTS service process

This paper proposes a novel method for the structuring of the knowledge of a service process in order to be processed by lightweight declarative computing infrastructures. Through the identification of selfsimilarities in the process, the flow of the structured information and the sequence of activities performed in the process are easily implemented by means of cyber-physical systems technologies, in order to timely meet the customer/stakeholder’s requirements. The study was performed in a telecommunication service providing organization. Service teams create a collaborative network. With the use of the CPS proposed in this work they can communicate problems and disseminate solutions. This methodology uses the information of a set of performance indicators of the service organization to achieve a better control of the effectiveness and the bottlenecks in the supply network. The methodology is borrowed from the mechatronics field and it is prone to a natural extension and reuse for the similar information structures in manufacturing processes