Preliminary notions of arguments from commonsense knowledge

The field of Computational Argumentation is well-tailored to approach commonsense reasoning, due to its ability to model contradictory information. In this paper, we present preliminary work on how an argumentation framework can explicitly model commonsense knowledge, both at a logically structured and at an abstract level. We discuss the correlation with current research and present interesting future directions

Abstract Argumentation Frameworks with Domain Assignments

Argumentative discourse rarely consists of opinions whose claims apply universally. As with logical statements, an argument applies to specific objects in the universe or relations among them, and may have exceptions. In this paper, we propose an argumentation formalism that allows associating arguments with a domain of application. Appropriate semantics are given, which formalise the notion of partial argument acceptance, i.e., the set of objects or relations that an argument can be applied to. We show that our proposal is in fact equivalent to the standard Argumentation Frameworks of Dung, but allows a more intuitive and compact expression of some core concepts of commonsense and non-monotonic reasoning, such as the scope of an argument, exceptions, relevance and others

A Multi Attack Argumentation Framework

This paper presents a novel abstract argumentation framework, called Multi-Attack Argumentation Framework (MAAF), which supports different types of attacks. The introduction of types gives rise to a new family of non-standard semantics which can support applications that classical approaches cannot, while also allowing classical semantics as a special case. The main novelty of the proposed semantics is the discrimination among two different roles that attacks play, namely an attack as a generator of conflicts, and an attack as a means to defend an argument. These two roles have traditionally been considered together in the argumentation literature. Allowing some attack types to serve one of those roles only, gives rise to the different semantics presented here

Left ventricular apical diseases

There are many disorders that may involve the left ventricular (LV) apex; however, they are sometimes difficult to differentiate. In this setting cardiac imaging methods can provide the clue to obtaining the diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the spectrum of diseases that most frequently affect the apex of the LV including Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy, LV aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms, apical diverticula, apical ventricular remodelling, apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, LV non-compaction, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia with LV involvement and LV false tendons, with an emphasis on the diagnostic criteria and imaging features

Redescription de

Redescription de Quimperia lanceolata Gendre, 1926, parasite habituel de Ctenopoma kingsleyae Günther, Poisson Anabantidae, du Sénégal. Des précisions morphologiques sont données concernant notamment la structure céphalique et les spicules ; l’absence de gubernaculum est confirmée. C’est la deuxième fois seulement que l’espèce est signalée en Afrique

Nématodes parasites de

Chez des Poissons Cithariniidae Distichodus rostratus provenant du Lac de Guiers (Sénégal) nous avons récolté 3 espèces de Nématodes: Procamallanus laeviconchus (Wedl, 1862) (Camallanidae) ; Falcaustra tchadi Vassiliadès et Troncy (sous presse) (Kathlaniidae) et Falcaustra guiersi n. sp. dont nous donnons la description

Un nouveau

Paracamallanus senegalensis n. sp. est parasite de Clarias senegalensis au Sénégal. Ce Nématode se distingue des espèces déjà connues par l’existence d’une capsule buccale et d’un pharynx de dimensions sensiblement égales, de deux tridents chitinoïdes médians de très grande taille, d’un seul spicule, et d’un petit gubernaculum

Cycle évolutif d’un

Le cycle larvaire de la Filaire Serratospiculum tendo (Dicheilonematinea) a été réalisé chez Locusta migraloria ; il est analogue à ceux des Diplotriaeninae et confirme à nouveau les ressemblances biologiques qui existent entre les Diplotriaenidae et les Spirurides primitifs. Chez la larve infestante de S. tendo, les caractères morphologiques ancestraux (bouche hexagonale, papilles labiales internes présentes) sont bien conservés