[An update on pediatric nutrition for general physicians]. [Actualizaci�n en nutrici�n pedi�trica para m�dicos generales.]

This supplement has the purpose of providing current information on pediatric nutrition addressed to health professionals attending the pediatric population. This is attained through discussing some relevant topics such as: Importance of feeding during the first year of life; Benefits of probiotics in infancy; Malnutrition syndrome; Common gastrointestinal problems, and Food allergy in infancy. In each of these subjects some specific issues are developed to: a) promote a healthy nutritional status through an adequate feeding; b) prevent the presence of diseases related to nutrition as protein energy malnutrition, specific nutritional deficiencies; overweight and obesity, and the effects of potentially harmful diets, and c) propose an approach of management of some common diseases related to food and nutrition

Nutritional recommendations for the newborn infant [Recomendaciones nutrimentales en el reci�n nacido.]

The nutritional recommendations for newborn babies and infants change when there is an improvement on the technics and knowledge for evaluating requirements of each nutrient. In general, breast milk is enough for covering the nutritional requirements on healthy infants during the first six months of life. Therefore, the nutritional recommendations are focused to newborn babies and infants who do not receive exclusively breast milk or preterm infants whether they receive their own mother's milk or formula. The calculations are based on the assumption that mothers who breast fed their babies are healthy, well nourished and supplying daily a mean of 750 mL of breast milk during the period of lactation

[An update on pediatric nutrition for general physicians]. [Actualización en nutrición pediátrica para médicos generales.]

This supplement has the purpose of providing current information on pediatric nutrition addressed to health professionals attending the pediatric population. This is attained through discussing some relevant topics such as: Importance of feeding during the first year of life; Benefits of probiotics in infancy; Malnutrition syndrome; Common gastrointestinal problems, and Food allergy in infancy. In each of these subjects some specific issues are developed to: a) promote a healthy nutritional status through an adequate feeding; b) prevent the presence of diseases related to nutrition as protein energy malnutrition, specific nutritional deficiencies; overweight and obesity, and the effects of potentially harmful diets, and c) propose an approach of management of some common diseases related to food and nutrition

Nutritional recommendations for the newborn infant [Recomendaciones nutrimentales en el recién nacido.]

The nutritional recommendations for newborn babies and infants change when there is an improvement on the technics and knowledge for evaluating requirements of each nutrient. In general, breast milk is enough for covering the nutritional requirements on healthy infants during the first six months of life. Therefore, the nutritional recommendations are focused to newborn babies and infants who do not receive exclusively breast milk or preterm infants whether they receive their own mother's milk or formula. The calculations are based on the assumption that mothers who breast fed their babies are healthy, well nourished and supplying daily a mean of 750 mL of breast milk during the period of lactation

Iodine Deficiency in Relation to Iron Deficiency and Parasitosis: Effect of Iron Status and Parasites on Iodine Deficiency Disorders

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, salt iodization was the preferred strategy adopted to eliminate IDD through universal iodization. Iron deficiency adversely affects thyroid metabolism and reduces iodine prophylaxis efficacy in areas of endemic goiter. The therapeutic response to oral iodized oil is impaired in goitrous children with iron deficiency anemia. In pregnant women with chronic iodine deficiency, endemic goiter may aggravate anemia, while the severity of subclinical hypothyroidism increases in the presence of anemia. Parasites such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiuria and hookworms are the most common, chronic, subclinical infections in childhood. Nutritional deficiencies are important determining factors for fetal growth, body composition and childhood development. Some stages are more vulnerable than others, and the most vulnerable stages may differ according to particular nutritional deficiencies. Iodine deficiency may be associated with alterations in the progeny's psychoneuro-intellectual, developmental prognosis. ID and IDA are estimated to affect about half of the world's population, and young children are among the most severely affected. A possible relationship exists between iodine deficiency and toxoplasma infection. Hookworm species being transmitted in a community influence the burden of IDA and should be considered when prioritizing and planning programs for hookworm and anemia control. Salt iodization is the preferred strategy in eliminating IDD as a public health problem, and universal iodization is the target for the beginning of the twenty-first century. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mortality in children under 5 years of age in families of marginal settlements in Guadalajara [Mortalidad en niños menores de cinco años en familias de colonias marginadas de Guadalajara.]

The purpose was, to determine the frequency of infant mortality in the marginal areas of Guadalajara and, find its association with sociodemographic and economical factors, which are known as determinant of the nutritional status of children. There were included 898 families in a cross sectional design among children who applied to the food supplementation program of ONI of Guadalajara. Through an interview and home visit, it was obtained information about sociodemographic and economical characteristics and food habits. The data was recorded and analyzed by the Dbase III Plus and Epi-Info program. It was also used Chi square test and Odds Ratio for the statistical analysis. Education of the mother and income per capita for feeding (as a percentage of the minimum salary) had a significantly and inverse association with infant mortality (P less than 0.0001 and P less than 0.001 respectively). There was also major mortality among children with no social security (P less than 0.05). The Odds Ratio for infant mortality was of 3.02 for education of the father, 8.42 for education of the mother and 6.8 for income per capita for feeding. Meanwhile the level of education and the economical situation of the studied population remain so low, it seems improbable to decrease the rate of infant mortality

Mortality in children under 5 years of age in families of marginal settlements in Guadalajara [Mortalidad en niños menores de cinco años en familias de colonias marginadas de Guadalajara.]

The purpose was, to determine the frequency of infant mortality in the marginal areas of Guadalajara and, find its association with sociodemographic and economical factors, which are known as determinant of the nutritional status of children. There were included 898 families in a cross sectional design among children who applied to the food supplementation program of ONI of Guadalajara. Through an interview and home visit, it was obtained information about sociodemographic and economical characteristics and food habits. The data was recorded and analyzed by the Dbase III Plus and Epi-Info program. It was also used Chi square test and Odds Ratio for the statistical analysis. Education of the mother and income per capita for feeding (as a percentage of the minimum salary) had a significantly and inverse association with infant mortality (P less than 0.0001 and P less than 0.001 respectively). There was also major mortality among children with no social security (P less than 0.05). The Odds Ratio for infant mortality was of 3.02 for education of the father, 8.42 for education of the mother and 6.8 for income per capita for feeding. Meanwhile the level of education and the economical situation of the studied population remain so low, it seems improbable to decrease the rate of infant mortality

Nutritional recovery from marasmus using soy based formula enriched with L-methionine [RECUPERACION NUTRICIONAL EN EL MARASMO CON SOYA ENRIQUECIDA CON L-METIONINA]

[No abstract available

Nutritional recovery from marasmus using soy based formula enriched with L-methionine [RECUPERACION NUTRICIONAL EN EL MARASMO CON SOYA ENRIQUECIDA CON L-METIONINA]

[No abstract available

Socio-demographic factors associated with caustic substance ingestion in children and adolescents

Objective: Caustic substance ingestion is a public health issue in some underdeveloped countries. Published information on socio-demographic factors related to this problem is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of socio-demographic factors with caustic ingestion in children. Methods: Design: case-control study. Cases were children with caustic substance ingestion who were attended to during 2006 (n= 94) at a pediatric referral hospital in Guadalajara, Mexico; the controls were a random sample of children who were hospitalized or seen as outpatients in the same pediatric referral hospital (n= 641). The socio-demographic variables were studied using a validated questionnaire (Children Nutrition Organization Survey). Statistics: OR, 95% CI and logistic regression. Results: Mean age of the cases was 3.2 years (SD 2.4) and 37.2% of cases were girls. Caustic ingestion occurred at home in 63.8% of cases and at a relative's home in 23.4% of cases. Alkaline products were ingested by 85.1%; containers had no warning labels in 72.3% of cases and no childproof safety caps in 92.6% of cases. The socio-demographic variables associated with caustic ingestion included higher family income, lower educational level of the mother, higher proportion of fathers working as independent professionals, extended family, mother's age <30 years, and mother working outside the home. Conclusions: The observed family risk profile for caustic ingestion was higher family income, young working mother with low educational level, father working as independent professional, and extended family. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd