RSComPro: An Open Communication Protocol for Remote Sensing Systems

The remote sensing protocol (RSComPro) is a communication protocol, which has been developed for controlling multiple remote sensing systems simultaneously through a UDP/IP and TPC/IP network. This protocol is meant to be open to the remote sensing community. The scope is the implementation of so-called wind scanners even with an heterogeneous set of devices. In this paper the main design characteristics of the protocol are presented. Moreover, experiences of two implementations based on long range lidars of type WLS200S are shown. Mainly, six systems of this type are being operated in two windscanner systems performing measurements for wind energy research, respectively by DTU Wind Energy and ForWind at University of Oldenburg. The first system has been used for synchronized measurements of three-dimensional wind speed at multiple points in the atmosphere at coastal sites of Denmark. The second performs wind farm measurements at the offshore site alpha ventus. First experiences show high requirements on device and campaign setup for precise measurement of wind fields for wind energy research. Preliminary results of the first campaigns are shown

A six-beam method to measure turbulence statistics using ground-based wind lidars

A so-called six-beam method is proposed to measure atmospheric turbulence using a ground-based wind lidar. This method requires measurement of the radial velocity variances at five equally spaced azimuth angles on the base of a scanning cone and one measurement at the centre of the scanning circle, i.e.using a vertical beam at the same height. The scanning configuration is optimized to minimize the sum of the random errors in the measurement of the second-order moments of the components (u,v, w) of the wind field. We present this method as an alternative to the so-called velocity azimuth display (VAD) method that is routinely used in commercial wind lidars, and which usually results in significant averaging effects of measured turbulence. In the VAD method, the high frequency radial velocity measurements are used instead of their variances. The measurements are performed using a pulsed lidar (WindScanner), and the derived turbulence statistics (using both methods) such as the u and v variances are compared with those obtained from a reference cup anemometer and a wind vane at 89 m height under different atmospheric stabilities. The measurements show that in comparison to the reference cup anemometer, depending on the atmospheric stability and the wind field component, the six-beam method measures between 85 and 101% of the reference turbulence, whereas the VAD method measures between 66 and 87% of the reference turbulence

Ekonomski aspekti primene mašina i oruđa za uređenje zemljišta po površini i dubini

Problems that occur when processing the soil with heavy mechanical type of composition can not be solved without changing the existing cultivation system. Soils with heavy mechanical type of composition demand a cultivation system that ensures preservation of natural potential and fertility resources. Bearing this in mind, the objective of this research is to examine the economic consequences of applying new types of machines and tools for the arrangement of soil’s surface and depth, then to detect the most important factors influencing this and finally to contribute successfully to the formulation of the answers on questions is their use profitable and under what conditions. The results of this study suggest that is possible to expect the positive effects of applying new technologies and new machines and tools for the arrangement of soil’s surface and depth.Problemi koji se javljaju pri obradi zemljišta sa teškim mehaničkim sastavom ne mogu se rešiti bez promene postojeće tehnologije obrade zemljišta. To podrazumeva primenu novih tehnologija obrade i novih mašina i oruđa, koji treba da obezbede optimalnu potrošnju pogonske energije, rada i ostalih resursa, a da se pri tome obezbedi maksimalno iskorišćavanje prirodnog potencijala plodnosti zemljišta i rodnosti biljaka. Zbog toga sve više raste značaj istraživanja problema vezanih za ovu oblast, pri čemu se nikako ne sme zapostaviti ekonomski aspekt. Imajući to u vidu cilj ovog rada je da se sa ekonomskog aspekta sagledaju efekti i posledice primene novih tehnologija i novih mašina i oruđa za uređenje zemljišta po površini i dubini kao i da se utvrde najvažniji faktori od kojih zavisi isplativost njihove primene uz nastojanje da se na taj način doprinese što uspešnijem formulisanju odgovora na pitanje da li je i pod kojim uslovima njihova primena opravdana. Na osnovu dosadašnjih rezultata istraživanja moguće je očekivati pozitivne efekte primene analiziranih mašina i oruđa što je od presudne važnosti prilikom donošenja odluke o opravdanosti njihovog uvođenja

Ekonomski efekti primene mašina i oruđa za uređenje zemljišta po površini i dubini u proizvodnji pšenice

In In market conditions of business operations the main criterion of successful agricultural production is achieved economic results. However, the question of preservation and rational use of natural resources, especially soil, is increasingly raised. The need of preservation and rational use of natural resources, such as soil, requires the elimination of the usual practice of production and application of new technologies as well as new types of machines and tools. Nonetheless, new cultivation technologies and new machines and tools will be widely adopted and successfully applied in practice if the necessary verification of positive technical, technological and economic effects obtained through appropriate scientific researches is provided. Bearing this in mind, the aim of this paper is to examine the economic effects of prolonged effect of new technology and new types of machines and tools for the arrangement of soil’s surface and depth in wheat production. In this sense, it is determined that a change in cultivation technology and application of new machines and tools in the first year of conducting the experiment has a positive prolonged effect in the second year of conducting the experiment as well, which is reflected in a reduction of variable costs per kilogram of produced wheat by 23.57%. The conducted research and results obtained in this analysis represent a continuation of research of economic effects of the application of new machines and tools for the arrangement of soil’s surface and depth in individual crop production (a previous study included corn and sunflower). The obtained results indicate the need to expand research to other important crops.U tržišnim uslovima poslovanja osnovno merilo uspešnosti poljoprivredne proizvodnje su ostvareni ekonomski rezultati. Međutim, sve glasnije se postavlja pitanje očuvanja i racionalnog korišćenja prirodnih resursa, posebno zemljišta. Potreba očuvanja i racionalnog korišćenja neobnovljivih prirodnih resursa, kao što je zemljište, zahteva eliminisanje uobičajene prakse proizvodnje i primenu novih tehnologija obrade i novih mašina i oruđa. Ipak, da bi nove tehnologije obrade i nove mašine i oruđa bili masovno prihvaćeni i uspešno primenjeni u praksi, potrebna je potvrda ispoljavanja pozitivnih tehničko-tehnoloških i ekonomskih efekata dobijena kroz odgovarajuća naučna istraživanja. Imajući to u vidu, cilj ovog rada je da se sagledaju ekonomski efekti produženog dejstva primene nove tehnologije obrade i novih mašina i oruđa za uređenje zemljišta po površini i dubini u proizvodnji pšenice. U tom smislu utvrđeno je da promena tehnologije obrade i primena novih mašina i oruđa u prvoj godini izvođenja ogleda ima pozitivno produženo dejstvo u drugoj godini izvođenja ogleda, koje se ogleda u smanjenju varijabilnih troškova po kg proizvedene pšenice za 23,57%. Obavljeno istraživanje i rezultati dobijeni u ovoj analizi predstavljaju nastavak istraživanja ekonomskih efekata primene mašina i oruđa za uređenje zemljišta po površini i dubini u proizvodnji pojedinih kultura kojima su do sada obuhvaćeni kukuruz i suncokret. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na potrebu proširenja istraživanja i na druge značajne poljoprivredne kulture