Environmental Protection Techniques Used in the Federal State of Badenwürttemberg in Germany

Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša pokrajine Baden-Württemberg u Saveznoj Republici Njemačkoj osmislilo je u okviru poticajnoga programa “Partnerstvo za održivi razvoj” projekt “Studijski boravak – Tehnike zaštite okoliša”. Trotjedni studijski boravak namijenjen je stručnjacima za zaštitu okoliša iz država srednje i istočne Europe kako bi se na primjerima njemačkih tvrtki upoznali s najmodernijim tehnikama zaštite okoliša. Projekt je započeo 2005. i trebao bi trajati ukupno pet godina. Prvi studijski boravak u Baden-Württembergu organiziran je od 25. rujna do 14. listopada 2005. za 12 sudionika iz 12 država: Bugarske, Cipra, Češke, Estonije, Hrvatske, Latvije, Litve, Mađarske, Poljske, Rumunjske, Slovačke i Ukrajine.Within the framework of the programme “Partnership for Sustainable Development” The Ministry of Environment of the German Federal State of Baden-Württemberg has come up with a project “Study Visit – Environmental Protection Techniques”. It was intended as a three-week study visit for environmental protection experts from Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) to learn about the environmental protection techniques used in this federal state. Visits were paid to companies producing, applying or installing plants based on the state-of-the-art environmental protection techniques. The project started in 2005 and will last five years. The first visit to Baden-Württemberg was scheduled for 25 September - 14 October 2005 for 12 experts from 12 countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Ukraine

Environmental Protection Techniques Used in the Federal State of Badenwürttemberg in Germany

Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša pokrajine Baden-Württemberg u Saveznoj Republici Njemačkoj osmislilo je u okviru poticajnoga programa “Partnerstvo za održivi razvoj” projekt “Studijski boravak – Tehnike zaštite okoliša”. Trotjedni studijski boravak namijenjen je stručnjacima za zaštitu okoliša iz država srednje i istočne Europe kako bi se na primjerima njemačkih tvrtki upoznali s najmodernijim tehnikama zaštite okoliša. Projekt je započeo 2005. i trebao bi trajati ukupno pet godina. Prvi studijski boravak u Baden-Württembergu organiziran je od 25. rujna do 14. listopada 2005. za 12 sudionika iz 12 država: Bugarske, Cipra, Češke, Estonije, Hrvatske, Latvije, Litve, Mađarske, Poljske, Rumunjske, Slovačke i Ukrajine.Within the framework of the programme “Partnership for Sustainable Development” The Ministry of Environment of the German Federal State of Baden-Württemberg has come up with a project “Study Visit – Environmental Protection Techniques”. It was intended as a three-week study visit for environmental protection experts from Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) to learn about the environmental protection techniques used in this federal state. Visits were paid to companies producing, applying or installing plants based on the state-of-the-art environmental protection techniques. The project started in 2005 and will last five years. The first visit to Baden-Württemberg was scheduled for 25 September - 14 October 2005 for 12 experts from 12 countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Ukraine

Trače Enrichment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Soil: Efficiency of Sonicated Liquid-solid Extraction with Acetone/n-Hexane Mixture from Different Soil Types

The efficiency and reproducibility of an analytical procedure for trace determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil/sediment samples were evaluated by analyses of soils differing in their sorption-controlling properties. PCBs were accumulated from soil by sonicated multiple extraction with a 1:1 acetone/n-hexane mixture. The extracts, purified by treatment with copper powder, mercury, and sulphuric acid were analyzed by gas chromatography. The extraction efficiency from a soil spiked with 4-430 μg kg-1 of Aroclor 1242/Aroclor 1260 mixture depended on the initial PCB mass fraction. The matrix effect was evaluated by the analysis of PCBs added to five European reference soils differing in organic matter content, grain size distribution, mineral composition, pH values, and iron and aluminium oxides content. In four of these soils, a linear correlation was found between the slopes of calibration lines for the determination of PCBs and soil organic matter content. An exception was the most acidic soil with the highest, but poorly humified, organic matter. The linear regression of calibration line slopes and the content of soil fine silt particles indicated a positive, but not statistically significant, correlation

Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Atmospheric Particles Collected in Zagreb, Croatia

We studied the occurrence and levels of hexachlorobenzene, α-, β-, and γ-hexachlorocyclo-hexane, 4,4\u27-DDT, 4,4\u27-DDE, 4,4\u27-DDD, and 17 PCBs (six indicator and eleven other toxicologically significant congeners) in PM10 and/or PM2.5 particle fractions collected between 2000 and 2003 and in 2010 at a site in the northern residential part of Zagreb, Croatia. Twenty-four-hour particle samples were collected on glass or quartz microfibre filters from approximately 100 m3 of ambient air per filter. Filters with particles collected over seven consecutive days were combined for ultrasonic extraction with 1:1 acetone:n-hexane mixture followed by capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection. In the monitored periods, the mass concentrations of organochlorine compounds in atmospheric particles were characteristic of global environmental pollution and showed a decreasing trend. Local input was observed only for γ-hexachlorocyclohexane. There were no pronounced seasonal variations in the mass fraction levels of any pesticide or PCB in airborne particles. A decreasing trend in the mass concentrations of some compounds with higher air temperatures was mostly related to the lower particle concentrations in warmer seasons and, consequently, to less particle-bound organochlorine compounds in the atmosphere

Sezonska raspodjela različitih klasa pesticida u površinskim vodama sjeverozapadne Hrvatske

As part of our OPENTOX project, we evaluated the incidence and mass concentrations of multiclass pesticide residues in 23 river/stream water samples collected in urban and agricultural areas of northwest Croatia at various points of the pesticide application season in 2015. The study included 16 compounds of five herbicide classes and seven compounds of three insecticide classes. Pesticide residues were accumulated from water by solid-phase extraction and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography with UV-diode array detection and/or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Herbicide residues were more common than the insecticide ones, and, as expected, they peaked in the middle of the application season. Metolachlor showed the highest concentrations and was found in 91 % of all samples, followed by terbuthylazine, found in 70 % of the samples. The highest total mass concentration of detected pesticides was measured in the water samples of the Krapina (3992 ng/L) and Sutla (3455 ng/L) collected in rural areas with intensive agriculture. Our findings strongly speak in favour of continued monitoring of surface waters and possibly extending the list of priority water pollutants.U sklopu našega projekta OPENTOX odredili smo masene koncentracije ostataka pesticida i njihovu učestalost u 23 uzorka vode rijeka/potoka u gradskim i ruralnim dijelovima sjeverozapadne Hrvatske, prikupljenih 2015. tijekom sezone njihove primjene. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 16 spojeva iz pet različitih klasa herbicida i sedam spojeva iz triju klasa insekticida. Ostaci pesticida akumulirani su iz vode postupkom ekstrakcije na čvrstoj fazi i analizirani tekućinskom kromatografijom visoke djelotvornosti uz UV-detektor s nizom dioda ili vezanim sustavom plinske kromatografije I spektrometrije masa. Češće su detektirani ostatci herbicida nego insekticida, a najviše su koncentracije bile sredinom sezone njihove primjene. Metolaklor je određen u najvišoj koncentraciji i u najvećem broju uzoraka (91 %), a slijedio ga je terbutilazin, koji je nađen u 70 % uzoraka. Najviša ukupna razina određivanih pesticida bila je u uzorcima rijeka Krapine (3992 ng/L) i Sutle (3455 ng/L), koji su bili prikupljeni u ruralnom području s intenzivnom poljoprivredom. Rezultati našega istraživanja govore u prilog potrebi ne samo za kontinuiranim monitoringom pesticida u površinskim vodama nego i za proširenjem liste prioritetnih zagađivala