258 research outputs found
Mechanism of proteolysis in matrix metalloproteinase-2 revealed by QM/MM modeling
The mechanism of enzymatic peptide hydrolysis in matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was studied at atomic resolution through quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations. An all-atom three-dimensional molecular model was constructed on the basis of a crystal structure from the Protein Data Bank (ID: 1QIB), and the oligopeptide Ace-Gln-GlyβΌIle-Ala-Gly-Nme was considered as the substrate. Two QM/MM software packages and several computational protocols were employed to calculate QM/MM energy profiles for a four-step mechanism involving an initial nucleophilic attack followed by hydrogen bond rearrangement, proton transfer, and CβN bond cleavage. These QM/MM calculations consistently yield rather low overall barriers for the chemical steps, in the range of 5β10 kcal/mol, for diverse QM treatments (PBE0, B3LYP, and BB1K density functionals as well as local coupled cluster treatments) and two MM force fields (CHARMM and AMBER). It, thus, seems likely that product release is the rate-limiting step in MMP-2 catalysis. This is supported by an exploration of various release channels through QM/MM reaction path calculations and steered molecular dynamics simulations
Comparative study of technologies for extraction of biologically active substances from the raw material of animal origin
Technologies of isolation and concentration of biologically active substances, developed in the middle of the 20th century, need adjustment and adaptation to modern conditions both to increase the activity of substances and for greater economic efficiency. The aim of the research is the comparison of dynamics of biologically active compounds extraction from porcines pancreas in two methods: the saline method based on 0.9% sodium chloride solution, and the acidic method based on 2.4% trichloroacetic acid solution. Also the purpose of research is to assess the possibilities for further optimization of technologies. The total protein concentration based on the biuret reaction in the samples taken during the extraction, as well as the calculation and analysis of the point degrees and rates of extraction are chosen as the controlled parameters. Local maxima of the protein yields into the extractant media at the 60th, 135th and 255th minute were recorded during saline extraction; and at the 75th and 135th minute during acid extraction. Also the proteomic profile of the extracts was studied. Wide range of compounds with molecular weight of less than 52 kDa was found in extracts based on physiological saline solution, and protein substances of whole presented range of molecular weights in trichloroacetic acid based extracts were considered. The predominance of low molecular weight protein fraction of interest was noted also in this method of extraction in comparison with the other methods of extraction. According to the UniProt database, we assume availability of probable compounds with a molecular weight of less than 30 kDa in the purified acidic extract. The presence of some proteins absent in the final saline extract was noted. The acidic erythrograms showed a weak degrading effect of both types of extracts on the membranes of rat erythrocytes, as well as the cytoprotective effect of acidic ultrafiltrates (less than 3 kDa). The obtained results prove a better efficiency of trichloroacetic acid extraction method used for obtaining a mixture of a wide range of compounds, including biologically active substances of low molecular weight
Evolution of in vitro digestibility techniques: a systematic review
The inability to reproduce certain digestive processes in vivo, high research costs and ethical aspects have led to the development of a large number of in vitro digestion models. These models allow us to take into account various factors of modeling complex multistage physiological processes occurring in the gastrointestinal tract, which makes them promising and widely used. A significant part of in vitro methods includes assessment by enzymatic digestion and are based on the calculation of nitrogen remaining after digestion in relation to the initial total nitrogen (according to the Dumas, Kjeldahl method, spectrophotometric or chromatographic method). There are also a number of titrometric methods (pHβstat), which are mainly used to assess the digestibility of feed, most successfully for aquatic animals due to the simplicity of their digestive tract. Methods for assessing the digestibility of food products by enzymatic digestion have undergone various stages of evolution (since 1947) and have been widely modified by including various enzymes (pepsin, trypsin, pancreatin, erepsin, etc.) in model systems, indices for various products have been determined on their basis (pepsin-digest-residue (PDR) index, 1956; pepsin pancreatin digest (PPD) index, 1964; pepsin digest dialysate (PDD), 1989). As a result, a single protocol was formed to study the digestibility of food β INFOGEST (2014β2019), which includes three stages of digestion (oral, gastric and intestinal). It allows researchers to accurately reproduce the conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract and is widely used by scientists around the world
ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ― Π‘ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ Π Π€Π£ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ―ΠΠΠ― ΠΠ«Π©Π¦ Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ₯ Π’ΠΠΠΠ―Π₯
The blood flow in the skin of the temporal region and the functional state of the muscles were investigated using the speckle-optical method. It is shown that the speckle-optical method can be used to objectify the skin blood flow and to evaluate vascular reactivity during breath-holding and hyperventilation. Obtained objective data of the tonic state of the anterior tibial muscle of healthy people can be used as indicators of the norm in the clinic for comparison with the results of examinations of patients with diseases of the motor sphere and the pathology of the neuromuscular apparatus, as well as in sports medicine.Π‘ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ»-ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ»-ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΡΡΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅
ΠΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈ
A relevant solution to the problem of processing meat industry waste in Russia is to obtain useful biologically active compounds from abundant organs. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the saline extraction as a method for extracting a mixture of promising biologically active compounds from the porcine pancreas, as well as to determine the optimal time for the process. The study consisted of extraction of the porcine pancreas with 0,9% sodium chloride solution for 5 h 30 min with further determination of the total protein concentration and proteomic profile of the samples taken throughout the process. Based on the analysis of the dependence of the total protein content in the extractant on time, the optimal extraction time was determined to be 135β150 minutes. When studying the results of electrophoresis and the data of their processing, the optimal extraction time for the targeted isolation of the low-molecular fraction of compounds was also determined to be 90 min. At the same time, 13 protein bands with a molecular weight of 52 kDa and below were found on the electropherograms. Saline should be considered applicable for obtaining extracts rich in biologically active substances, incl. hormones, enzymes and other physiologically active compounds.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Β Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ². Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π° ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈ, Π°Β ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π²Β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ 0,9% ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π²Β ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 5 Ρ 30 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΡΒ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Π±ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΡΠΌΠΌΠ»ΠΈ Π²Β 12,5% ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π³Π΅Π»Π΅. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Π²Β ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ 135β150 ΠΌΠΈΠ½. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΈΒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎ 90 ΠΌΠΈΠ½. ΠΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ 13 Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ ΡΒ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ 52 ΠΊΠΠ° ΠΈΒ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, 0,9% ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²Β ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΒ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ
Π‘ΠΠΠΠ-ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ― Π₯ΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ§ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π Π£ ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π‘ ΠΠ Π’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠ«ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ
The possibility of application of the speckle-optical method for the objectivization of cutaneous blood flow and evaluation of vascular reactivity with respiratory arrest and hyperventilation is shown. 21 patients with arterial aneurysms (AA) of the brain were examined. Recording of blood flow was carried out on skin of the temporal region on both sides. Violation of vascular reactivity during respiratory tests in the form of development of paradoxical reactions or reduction of adequate responses to HF and HB on the side with AA has been established. The most informative are the power of the spectrum and the mean frequency of the spectrum.ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ»-ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΠ) ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠ). ΠΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ 21 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (ΠΠ) Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΠ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Ρ ΠΠ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°
Novel Oncogenic Transcription Factor Cooperation in RB-Deficient Cancer
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) is a critical regulator of E2F-dependent transcription, controlling a multitude of protumorigenic networks including but not limited to cell-cycle control. Here, genome-wide assessment of E2F1 function after RB loss in isogenic models of prostate cancer revealed unexpected repositioning and cooperation with oncogenic transcription factors, including the major driver of disease progression, the androgen receptor (AR). Further investigation revealed that observed AR/E2F1 cooperation elicited novel transcriptional networks that promote cancer phenotypes, especially as related to evasion of cell death. These observations were reflected in assessment of human disease, indicating the clinical relevance of the AR/E2F1 cooperome in prostate cancer. Together, these studies reveal new mechanisms by which RB loss induces cancer progression and highlight the importance of understanding the targets of E2F1 function. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies that RB loss in prostate cancer drives cooperation between AR and E2F1 as coregulators of transcription, which is linked to the progression of advanced disease
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ
In recent years, there has been a steady increase in public interest in healthy and balanced foods all over the world. In this respect, the microgreens of white cabbage is a source of a wide range of useful substances and is characterized by a higher content of those, compared with a similar commercial vegetable. At the same time, information about technological aspects of cultivation, which relate to the duration of lighting, about their correlation with biochemical composition of microgreens of industrial varieties and hybrids of this crop is insufficient and is limited to a very narrow set of their parameters. For this reason, it is of particular relevance to identify the optimal duration of LED lighting in the white cabbage microgreens crop, which ensures accumulation of the highest nutritional and vitamin value and determines the taste qualities of this product. The results of a comparative study of 14 quantitative parameters of biochemical composition of white cabbage microgreens (content of dry, tannic and pectin substances, free organic, ascorbic and hydroxycinnamic acids, soluble sugars, the main groups of bioflavonoids β i.e. anthocyanins, leucoanthocyanins, catechins, flavonols and the indicator of sugar acid index) with different duration of LED lighting are presented (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 hours). The less significant effect of the studied factor on biochemical composition of microgreens was revealed at 10 hour exposure, while the maximum, exceeding it three times, was at 16 hour exposure. It has been shown that the highest integral level of nutritional and vitamin value of products according to the total analyzed indicators was provided at 16 hours of LED lighting, while the minimum β at 8 hours. For the first time in the Republic of Belarus, the optimal duration of LED lighting for the accumulation of physiologically valuable compounds by microgreens of white cabbage was revealed, which made it possible to recommend it to be used for industrial production.Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠ° ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 14 ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ (ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡ
ΠΈΡ
, Π΄ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² β ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ², Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (8, 10, 12, 14, 16 Ρ). ΠΠ°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ 10-ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π°, β ΠΏΡΠΈ 16-ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ 16-ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ β ΠΏΡΠΈ 8-ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π² Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π»ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ
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