Селекционна ценност на сортове бяла лупина

The breeding value of white lupin specimens was studied and the effect of the environment and genotype on some characteristics has been demonstrated. The role of the genotype was found the strongest for the nodulating ability of the plants. The genetic variance was within the range of 0.001 (the specific nodulating ability) to 29.16 (the number of leaves per plant), and the phenotypic variance of 0.001 (the specific nodulating ability) to 43.15 (number of leaves per plant). High genetic advance in combination with high inheritability was obtained for the number of leaves per plant (3.56, 67.58%), stem fresh weight (2.81, 68.24%) and aboveground fresh weight (1.25, 88.05%). High inheritability with low genetic advance was established for the specific nodulating ability (80.81%, 0.09) and the stem dry weight (62.60%, 0.31), indicating the involvement of no-additive gene action. The aboveground fresh weight is positively correlated with: the leaf fresh weight (r = 0.897), the leaf dry weight (r = 0.881), the plant height (r = 0.587) and the dry weight of the roots (r = 0.569). The established genetic diversity in the studied varieties allows for a targeted selection of parental forms and their inclusion in crosses on the different breeding directions.Проучена е селекционната ценност на образци бяла лупина и доказано влиянието на средата и генотипа върху проявата на изследваните признаци. Ролята на генотипа е най-силна за грудкообразуващата способност на растенията. Генетичният варианс е в границите от 0.001 (специфичната грудко образуваща способност) до 29.16 (брой листа на растение), а фенотипният варианс от 0.001 (специфичната грудкообразуваща способност) до 43.15 (брой листа на растение). За брой листа на растение (3.56; 67.58%), тегло на свежите стъбла (2.81; 68.24%) и тегло на свежата биомаса (1.25; 88.05%) е получен висок генетичен напредък съчетан с висока наследяемост. Висока наследяемост с нисък генетичен напредък е установена за специфичната грудкообразуваща способност (80.81%; 0.09) и теглото на сухите стъбла (62.60%; 0.31), което е указание за участието на неадитивни генни действия. Теглото на свежата надземна биомаса е в силна положителна корелация със: свежото тегло на листата (r=0.897), сухото тегло на листата (r = 0.881), височината на растението (r=0.587) и сухото тегло на корените (r=0.569). Установеното генетично разнообразие при изследваните сортове дава възможност за целенасочен отбор на родителски форми и включването им в кръстоски по различните селекционни направления

Study on Productivity of some Legume Crops in Pure Cultivation and Mixtures

In the conditions of pot trial the productivity of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) cv. ‘Targovishte’ 1”; sainfoin (Onobrychis Adans.) breeding N26, white clover (Тrifolium repens L.) cv. ‘Milka’, and subclover (Trifolim subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum) cv. ‘Clear’, in pure cultivation and in mixtures was studied. The treatments were as follows: 1. birdsfoot trefoil 100%; 2. sainfoin 100%; 3. white clover 100%; 4. subclover 100%; 5. cocksfoot 100%; 6. birdsfoot trefoil+cocksfoot; 7. sainfoin+cocksfoot 8. white clover+cocksfoot; 9. subclover+cocksfoot; 10. birdsfoot trefoil+ subclover; 11. sainfoin+subclover; 12. white clover+subclover. The ratio between components in the mixtures was 50:50. Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) cv. ‘Dabrava’ as a grass component was used. It was found, that aboveground dry matter yield of white clover, birdsfoot trefoil, sainfoin and subclover in mixture with cocksfoot was higher as compared to these in pure cultivation. Subclover in mixture with birdsfoot trefoil increased aboveground dry matter yield, but in mixture with sainfoin and white clover did not contribute to increase of their productivity

Assessment of the Genetic Diversity of a Collection of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Genotypes

The genetic diversity of grass pea genotypes from the collection of the Institute of Forage Crops - Pleven, Bulgaria was studied. The effect of the environment and genotype on the number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry root weight and dry root weight of the plant have been demonstrated. The genotype factor had a greater effect on the number of nodules per plant, the weight of the dry stems and the number of pods per plant, while the environment affected the number of leaves per plant, the fresh weight of the leaves and the number of seeds per plant. The phenotypic variation in number and weight of nodules, fresh weight of leaves and stems, number and weight of plant seeds and fresh weight of plant was found stronger, however the genotypic variation was stronger in the number of leaves, fresh and dry root weight, weight of dry stems and weight of dry root mass. The signs of fresh plant weight, fresh leaf weight, number of branches and weight of seeds per plant had high values of coefficient of inheritance and moderate genetic progress (GA), suggesting that the selection may be successful in improving them

Assessment of the Genetic Diversity of a Collection of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Genotypes

The genetic diversity of grass pea genotypes from the collection of the Institute of Forage Crops - Pleven, Bulgaria was studied. The effect of the environment and genotype on the number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry root weight and dry root weight of the plant have been demonstrated. The genotype factor had a greater effect on the number of nodules per plant, the weight of the dry stems and the number of pods per plant, while the environment affected the number of leaves per plant, the fresh weight of the leaves and the number of seeds per plant. The phenotypic variation in number and weight of nodules, fresh weight of leaves and stems, number and weight of plant seeds and fresh weight of plant was found stronger, however the genotypic variation was stronger in the number of leaves, fresh and dry root weight, weight of dry stems and weight of dry root mass. The signs of fresh plant weight, fresh leaf weight, number of branches and weight of seeds per plant had high values of coefficient of inheritance and moderate genetic progress (GA), suggesting that the selection may be successful in improving them

Cравнителна оценка на ди- и тетраплоидна генплазма от червена детелина при равнинните условия на Северна България

From the first to third growing season in the field test carried out at the Experimental Station of Soybean (Pavlikeni, Bulgaria) was observed 12 genotypes of red clover, including two Bulgarian diploid varieties Nika 11 (standard) and Sofia 52, four local diploid populations and next six foreign tetraploid varieties, i.e. Kvarta, Astur, Carbo, Elanus, Fregata and Larus. The goal of study was to determine the effect of ploidity level of the varieties as well as the effect of adaptive variability of local populations on fresh mass yield, dry mass yields and their persistence in an agro-ecological area with lower summer moisture assurance for red clover. The highest total dry mass yield was observed for varieties Sofia 52 (2n), Nika 11 (2n), Kvarta (4n) and Astur (4n). The productivity of tetraploids Kvarta and Astur strongly varies depending on the season and the year, as well as the age of sward. According to the obtained comparative production data for cuts and years, the tetraploid germplasm has a stronger adaptation to the limiting moisture. In summer drought, typical for the plains of Northern Bulgaria, tetraploids stop growing and do not compensate for their limited vegetative growth, despite the excellent moisture guarantee in the late summer, as well as in the spring the next growing season. Local wild-type germplasm of the species is characterized by a rapid development and lower yield of fresh and dry forage mass compared to the diploid standard when growing in conditions of optimum moisture but relatively high productivity in the dry conditions of the summer months. The differences in the genotypic productivity response under dry conditions reported in this experiment also suggest that the abiotic limit studied can be successfully responded by the genotype factor.От първа до трета вегетация в полски експеримент, изведен в Опитна станция по соята – Павликени, бяха наблюдавани 12 образеца червена детелина. В това число бяха включени двата български диплоидни сорта Ника 11 и София 52, четири местни диворастящи популации, както и следните шест тетраплоидни сорта: Kvarta, Astur, Carbo, Elanus, Fregata и Larus. Сорт Ника 11 е използван като стандарт. Целта на настоящото изследване е да се определи ефекта на нивото на плоидност на сортовете, както и ефекта на адаптивната изменчивост на местните популации върху фуражната продуктивност и дълготрайност на използване на тревостоите в агроекологичен район с по-ниска лятна влагоосигуреност за червената детелина. Най-висока обща продуктивност на суха фуражна маса е наблюдавана за българските диплоидни сортове София 52 и Ника 11, както и за тетраплоидите Кварта и Астур. Продуктивността на посочените тетраплоидни сортове много силно варира в зависимост от подрастта, сезона и възрастта на растенията. Според получените сравнителни данни за продуктивност по подрасти и години, тетраплоидната генплазма има по-силно адаптационно ограничение към водно-дефицитен стрес спрямо диплоидната. При лятно засушаване, типично за равнинните условия на Северна България, тетраплоидните сортове не подрастват и не компенсират ограничения си вегетативен растеж, въпреки отличната обезпеченост с влага през късното лято, както и през пролетта на следващата вегетация. Местната диворастяща генплазма от вида се характеризира с бързо развитие и по-нисък добив на свежа и суха фуражна маса в сравнение с диплоидния стандарт Ника 11 при отрастване/подрастване в условия на оптимална влажност. За две от популациите е отчетена сравнително висока продуктивност при лятно подрастване и те могат да бъдат използвани за отбор на растения с генотипна ценност в селекцията ни за специфична адаптация на културата към сухи условия. Отчетените в настоящия експеримент изразени разлики в генотипната реакция по продуктивност при условия на засушаване дават основание да се счита, че на проучваното абиотично ограничение може успешно да бъде отговорено чрез генотипния фактор

Effect of presowing treatment of seeds with insecticides on parameters related to nodulation and nitrate reduction in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Effect of presowing treatment of seeds with insecticides on parameters related to nodulation and nitrate reduction in soybean was studied in pot trial at the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria (2003-2004). It was found that insecticides Gaucho 600 FS (imidacloprid), Carbodan 35 ST (carbofuran) applied for presowing treatment of seeds at the doses of 1, 2 and 3 L/100 kg seeds, and Promet 400 CS (furathiocarb) (standard) at the dose of 3 L/100 kg seeds, had no suppressive effect on the root length, dry root mass and specific nodulating ability of plants. When used Gaucho 600 FS at the dose of 1 L/100 kg seeds, root mass was most developed, the largest number of nodules was formed, and specific nodulating ability was highest. The common tendency for decrease of nitrate reductase activity in leaves and significant increase in stems was found. Nitrate reductase activity increased in leaves, stems and roots in treatment with Carbodan 35 ST applied at the dose of 3 L/100 kg seeds. Chlorophylls ?+b/carotenoids ratio exceeded this of the control only in treatment with Gaucho 600 FS at the dose of 1 L/100 kg seeds. However the analysis of the plant biomass did not include the amount of possible undegraded traces after using the insecticides tested

Role of Perennial Herbs in the Development of Livestock in Ukraine

The article presents the state of production of perennial herbs in Ukraine, including in the south of the country. A significant reduction in the areas under these crops, and, consequently, in the gross harvest of hay, green mass for silage, haylage, grass flour, was established. The deterioration of the fodder base has been proven, which negatively affects the development of the livestock industry. A decrease in the number of farm animals was established, which affected the level of production of meat and dairy products of both cattle and sheep, goats, and also entailed a discrepancy between the consumption of meat and milk by the population and the rational norms of human nutrition

Ecological Stability of Quantitative Signs in White Lupin Varieties

Ecological stability of quantitative signs in white lupine varieties was studied in field trial in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria. Seven varieties of white lupine were used. Analysis of variance showed a well-proven influence of genotype and environment factors and the interaction between them in terms of plant height, number of pods, number of seeds and seeds weight. For plant height, number of seeds and seeds weight, the influence of the environment was stronger than that of the other two factors. The seeds weight strongly correlated with the Anicchiarico Wi indices (r %253D 0.87), bi (r %253D 0.634), ai (r %253D 0.633) and T (r %253D 0.559) and negative correlated with the Lin and Binns (r %253D -0.977) parameter. Ecological stability parameters for plant height showed the most stable and high-growing PI533704 variety%253B for the number of pods, number of seeds and seeds weight Zuter variety, respectively. Zuter variety was found close to the ideal type combining high productivity with ecological stability. Lucky801, for most signs, was environmentally unstable but highly productive and is therefore suitable as a parent component in breeding programs for obtaining high yield varieties

Assessment of Initial Material of Vetches in Productive and Adaptive Ability

Eight winter vetch varieties (BGE004222, BGE001847, BGE000637, BGE001076, BGE000639, BGE000643, BGE001383 and Asko 1) were assessed by plant height, fresh leaf weight, fresh stem weight and nodule number per plant in field trial in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria. The varieties are characterised by low general adaptive ability and average specific adaptive ability on the investigated signs. With the highest general adaptive ability by fresh leaf weight is distinguished BGE000643, by number of nodules per plant BGE004222 and BGE001383, and by plant height - BGE001847 and BGE000637, respectively. By the complex indicator selection value of the genotype, taking into account the general adaptive ability and stability, the signs fresh leaf weight and fresh stem weight the best was found BGE001383 variety. According to the number of nodules per plant and the indicators of adaptability and stability, the interest represents the variety BGE004222. Based on the aggregate assessment of the varieties, which is based on the average height of the plant and the parameters of adaptability, the most valuable were the varieties BGE001847 and BGE001076. A positive correlation was established between fresh leaf weight and%253A the specific adaptive ability (r %253D 0.568), the general adaptive ability (r %253D 0.099) and the indicator of the stability level of the variety (r %253D 0.544)%253B and between the number of nodules with the coefficient of linear regression (r %253D 0.115) and with homeostaticity (r %253D 0.116)

Study of Initial Material of Vetch

The study was conducted in the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops ndash%253B Pleven, Bulgaria for a three-year period. Ten vetch specimens (varieties and populations) different originated were examined ndash%253B Bulgarian population (Vicia sativa)%253B Bulgarian population (Vicia pannonica ssp. striata%253B Detenicka Panonska (Vicia pannonica) and Asko 1%253B Kowatschite, K- 25 331, K- 29 800, K- 30 553, K- 30 574, K- 30 671 from Vicia villosa. The main quantitative characteristics were analyzed%253A plant height (cm), height of the first pod (cm), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight of seeds per plant (g) and indicators%253A beginning of flowering stage (days) and duration of the growing season (days). Two-way ANOVA and variance analysis were used for statistical data processing. High values ​​of variation coefficient were found for seed weight (107.87%25), number of seeds per plant (88.80%25), height of first pod (30.78%25), number of pods per plant (37.97%25) and number of seeds per pod (27.45), and average variation for plant height (15.97%25), respectively. The varieties of Vicia pannonica can be characterized as early ripening with a growing season duration of 244-246 days, the population of Vicia sativa as medium ripening (242-252 days), and from Vicia villosa (except K-29 800, Kowatschite and Asko 1) as late maturing (242-256 days). The varieties of the species Vicia villosa K-30 671, Asko and 1 K-25 331, which are well leafed and form long stems (142-151 cm), are suitable as parental components in the combinational selection in the direction for forage. The Bulgarian population of Vicia sativa was found to form the largest number of both, pods (87) and seeds (351). For other the numbers, the seeds per plant trait was between 116 (K-30 574) and 133 (K-30 553). In the direction of seed production the Bulgarian population of Vicia sativa can be emitted