The influence of menopause on urinary incontinence in the women of the community: a cross-sectional study from North India

Background: Urinary incontinence is defined as the complaint of any involuntary loss of urine that is a social or hygienic problem.  Worldwide, over 200 million people are living with urinary incontinence and as the life expectancy of women is increasing, more number of women are bound to suffer from it. The aim of the present study is to find out the effect of menopause on the occurrence of Urinary Incontinence in women and to find out risk factors in post-menopausal women associated with Urinary Incontinence.Methods: It was a community based cross-sectional study involving post-menopausal women living in the urban and rural areas registered under Community Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh, India. A total of 530 women were taken for this study. Descriptive statistics as well as simple proportion were calculated with SPSS 20.0. Tests of significance and Binary Logistic regression analysis were used for analysis.Results: Significant differences were found in the association of Urinary Incontinence with increasing age groups and consequent years spent in menopause, rural area of residence, illiteracy, lower socio-economic class, inadequate housing standards, obesity, smoking, parity, history of hysterectomy, and co-morbidities such as Urinary Tract Infection and Pelvic organ prolapse.Conclusions: From a public health perspective, there is considerable opportunity to improve women's quality of life by increasing health education about urinary incontinence and its treatment by taking steps for life style modifications

Trichogranuloma of the external auditory canal mimicking aural polyp: A rare case report

We report a case of an 18-year-old male who presented to us with complaints of decreased hearing, ear discharge, and fullness in the right ear for last 2 months. Examination revealed a swelling of 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm in the inferior part of the external acoustic canal, tympanic membrane was found to be normal. Patient was advised antibiotic and steroids ear drops after making a provisional diagnosis of aural polyp. Surgical excision of the swelling was done when conservative treatment was unsuccessful. The excised polyp was sent for histopathological examination which revealed presence of foreign body giant cells and mixed inflammatory infiltrate around the fragments of hair shafts which confirmed the diagnosis of trichogranuloma in the external auditory canal. Owing to the rarity of such location of trichogranuloma, this case is being reported here

The hidden burden of Urinary Incontinence: A Community based study

Abstract Urinary Incontinence is one of the common health problems associated with ageing. Alhough it is not a common cause of mortality, it causes huge discomfort to the suffering person. As there is under-reporting of cases, it is largely a hidden entity in the community. The present study was designed as a community based research aimed at finding out the burden of UI in the ageing female population. The present study was a community based cross-sectional study conducted in the registered field practice areas of Department of Community Medicine, J. N. Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh from June, 2012 to May, 2013. A total of 530 post-menopausal women were approached with pre-tested and pre-structured proforma. The mean age of the study population was 58.14 ± 8.45 years. The observed prevalence of urinary incontinence was study was 41.3%. Stress incontinence was common in younger women, with the maximum prevalence in the age group 46-50 years (7.7%). Urinary incontinence was found to be significantly associated with obstetric factors like increasing parity and vaginal mode of delivery and non-obstetric factors like increasing BMI, central (abdominal) obesity, smoking and standard of living

Retiform hemangioendothelioma of the gluteal region: A case report

Retiform hemangioendothelioma is a locally aggressive, rarely metastasizing, low-grade angiosarcoma characterized by intercommunicating vascular channels lined by hobnail or cuboidal endothelial cells, flanked by lymphocyte and hyaline sclerosis. Neoplastic endothelial cells usually express von Willebrand factor, CD31 and CD34, while the lymphocytic infiltrate shows a mixture of CD3+, T and CD20+ B cells. The authors describe a case of a 76-year-old female who presented with a soft, painless, ill-defined mass measuring 9 cm in her right gluteal region for the past 15 years, clinically suggestive of a lipoma. There was no regional lymphadenopathy. The mass was resected and sent for histopathological examination. The slow-growing lesion and the typical histomorphology led to the diagnosis of retiform hemangioendothelioma. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry using CD34 antibody, which strongly stained the endothelial cells. The patient was followed up for 6 months after the surgery and no recurrence was noted

Atypical Proliferating Clear Cell Adenofibroma of the Ovary: A Case Report

Clear cell adenofibromas of borderline malignancy are extremely rare tumors of theovaries. They may be associated with ovarian clear cell adenocarcinomas which typically present as large adnexal masses and are generally considered highly malignant. We describe the case of a postmenopausal female with an ovarian mass diagnosed as atypical (borderline) proliferating clear cell adenofibroma. The patient is alive and wellwithout signs of recurrence three years after surgery

Case Report Section: Pathology A lesion on lip -Hemangioma with Chronic Granuloma

ABSTRACT Infections as well as tumours and tumour-like conditions are common in the oral cavity. While hemangiomas are benign vascular tumours which may be encountered in any part of the body, granulomatous infections are unusual in the mouth. We discuss below the rare occurrence of a hemangioma on the lip which was associated with a chronic granuloma

A comparison of cytological and histopathological findings and role of immunostains in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been employed as a useful technique for the initial diagnosis of soft tissue tumors (STT) as well for the identification of recurrent and metastatic cases. Aim: We conducted this study on soft tissue tumors to find the efficacy of FNAC and to finalize the histological diagnosis with immunostains. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 126 patients of soft tissue tumors. FNAC and histopathology was performed in all the cases. Results: Hundred and five cases (83.3%) were diagnosed as benign and 21 cases (16.7%) as malignant. On FNAC, tumors were divided into six cytomorphological categories i.e. lipomatous, spindle cell, round cell, myxoid, pleomorphic and vascular tumors. Seventeen cases were inconclusive on cytology. In five cases, the type of malignancy was changed on histological examination. There were three false positive and two false negative cases giving a positive predictive value of 97.2 % in terms of malignancy, a sensitivity of 98.1% and a specificity of 96.7%. Conclusions: FNAC has a definite role in forming the initial diagnosis of STT, while histopathology with the aid of immunomarkers provides the final diagnosis

Metastasis to left scapula with unknown primary: Approach to pathological diagnosis

Bony metastasis is a frequent occurrence in malignancy. However, the clinical presentation and pathological findings may sometimes be more in favor of a primary bone lesion. In such cases, immunochemistry has a very important role to play in reaching a final diagnosis. We present the case of a 35 year male patient who was investigated for a lytic lesion in the left scapula and was finally diagnosed with metastatic adenocarcinoma with the help of immunostaining