51 research outputs found

    БостояниС ΠΈ пСрспСктивы развития ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² XXI Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ΅

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    In recent years, Russia has taken a serious step towards innovative development, to a large extent by providing systematic incentives for innovation and technological development of sectors of the economy. Today, innovation, research, development and their implementation are an important part of the political ambitions of most developed and developing countries. Global spending on innovation continues to grow, and the share of business in it is increasing. The relevance of this topic is also due to the acceleration of the processes of digital transformation of the Russian and international economy, which is why the need to create conditions for innovation, information and communication technologies is increasing. Based on this, it is important for the Government of the Russian Federation to form a national innovation system that promotes the innovative activity of domestic enterprises and increases the scientific orientation of research activities of organizations. Developed countries achieve competitive advantages through the introduction of innovative technologies, a highly qualified workforce with creative thinking, efficient use of financial resources, and strong R&D. Identifying new market opportunities is easy for highly innovative companies. Currently, not only the emergence of new high-tech industries, but also the development of traditional ones is based on information and scientific potential. The development of science is closely related to the growing flow of information, which is both the result and the basis for the development of science, the results of which are subsequently embodied in economic development. The purpose of the article is to identify the main trends in the development of innovative processes in the Russian Federation. The active creation and modernization of technologies, introduction of various technological projects is one of the driving forces of the innovation process. In recent years, there has been a strengthening of innovative development in various sectors of the Russian economy, and a significant role in this development is played by the systemic stimulation of innovation and technological development. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study consists of works on regional statistics, mathematical modeling, and econometrics. Graphic and tabular methods of visualization of research results, statistical methods of analysis of economic phenomena were used. To solve the tasks of the study, application packages SPSS, Statistica were used. Results. The creation of new, unique advanced production technologies is an essential element of the innovative development of the country’s economy. The development of industrial design is one of the main stimulating factors for the innovative development of Russia. The increase in the number of issued patents for inventions with a high degree of probability predetermines an increase in the number of manufacturing technologies, which is the basis for progress in the field of manufacturing design. However, the main challenge remains the issue of financing. Conclusion. The article contains an analysis of the dynamics of the main indicators characterizing the innovative activity of organizations and provides forecast estimates of the indicator based on trend models.Π’ послСдниС Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Россия сдСлала ΡΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ шаг Π½Π° ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ, Π² большСй стСпСни, Π·Π° счСт обСспСчСния систСмного стимулирования ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ тСхнологичСского развития сСкторов экономики. БСгодня ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ исслСдования, Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… рСализация – это ваТная Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ политичСских Π°ΠΌΠ±ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ стран ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π°. Π“Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ расходы Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ расти, Π° доля бизнСса Π² Π½ΠΈΡ… увСличиваСтся. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ обусловлСна ускорСниСм процСссов Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ трансформации российской ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ экономики, ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Ρ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² создании условий для ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ увСличиваСтся. Π˜ΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· этого, Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉ государства являСтся Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ активности отСчСствСнных прСдприятий ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π΅ страны Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡƒΡ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… прСимущСств, Π² большСй ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅, Π·Π° счСт внСдрСния ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, высококвалифицированной Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΉ силы с творчСским ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, эффСктивного использования финансовых срСдств, ΡΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… НИР. ВыявлСниС Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… возмоТностСй Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ даСтся высоко ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ компаниям. Π’ настоящСС врСмя Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ появлСниС Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… высокотСхнологичных отраслСй, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… базируСтся Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ тСсно связано с Π½Π°Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ являСтся ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠΉ для развития Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ, Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ Π² дальнСйшСм находят своС Π²ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² экономичСском Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ. ЦСль исслСдования Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ основных Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ развития ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… процСссов Π² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. АктивноС созданиС ΠΈ модСрнизация Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… тСхнологичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² являСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… сил ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса. Π’ послСдниС Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ ΡƒΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ развития Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… отраслях экономики России, ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² этом Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Π΅Ρ‚ систСмноС стимулированиС ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ тСхнологичСского прогрСсса. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ основу исслСдования ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ статистикС, матСматичСскому ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ, экономСтрикС. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ графичСскиС ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² исслСдования, статистичСскиС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° экономичСских явлСний. Для Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ поставлСнных Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ исслСдования использовались ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌ SPSS, Statistica. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ…, ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… производствСнных Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ выступаСт ваТнСйшим элСмСнтом ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ развития экономики страны. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ производствСнного проСктирования являСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΡ… основных ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ развития России. Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ числа Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° изобрСтСния с большой Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ вСроятности прСдопрСдСляСт ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ числа производствСнных Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ являСтся Π·Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ для прогрСсса Π² области производствСнного проСктирования. Однако основной ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΌΡƒ остаСтся вопрос финансирования. Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ осущСствлСн Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ основных ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈ приводятся ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ значСния ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ активности ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° основС Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ

    An early Little Ice Age brackish water invasion along the south coast of the Caspian Sea (sediment of Langarud wetland) and its wider impacts on environment and people

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    Caspian Sea level has undergone significant changes through time with major impacts not only on the surrounding coasts, but also offshore. This study reports a brackish water invasion on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea constructed from a multi-proxy analysis of sediment retrieved from the Langarud wetland. The ground surface level of wetland is >6 m higher than the current Caspian Sea level (at -27.41 m in 2014) and located >11 km far from the coast. A sequence covering the last millennium was dated by three radiocarbon dates. The results from this new study suggest that Caspian Sea level rose up to at least -21.44 m (i.e. >6 m above the present water level) during the early Little Ice Age. Although previous studies in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea have detected a high-stand during the Little Ice Age period, this study presents the first evidence that this high-stand reached so far inland and at such a high altitude. Moreover, it confirms one of the very few earlier estimates of a high-stand at -21 m for the second half of the 14th century. The effects of this large-scale brackish water invasion on soil properties would have caused severe disruption to regional agriculture, thereby destabilizing local dynasties and facilitating a rapid Turko-Mongol expansion of Tamerlane’s armies from the east.N Ghasemi (INIOAS), V Jahani (Gilan Province Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organisation) and A Naqinezhad (University of Mazandaran), INQUA QuickLakeH project (no. 1227) and to the European project Marie Curie, CLIMSEAS-PIRSES-GA-2009-24751

    Low-Temperature Polymorphic Phase Transition in a Crystalline Tripeptide L-Ala-L-Pro-GlyΒ·H2O Revealed by Adiabatic Calorimetry

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    We demonstrate application of precise adiabatic vacuum calorimetry to observation of phase transition in the tripeptide l-alanyl-l-prolyl-glycine monohydrate (APG) from 6 to 320 K and report the standard thermodynamic properties of the tripeptide in the entire range. Thus, the heat capacity of APG was measured by adiabatic vacuum calorimetry in the above temperature range. The tripeptide exhibits a reversible first-order solid-to-solid phase transition characterized by strong thermal hysteresis. We report the standard thermodynamic characteristics of this transition and show that differential scanning calorimetry can reliably characterize the observed phase transition with <5 mg of the sample. Additionally, the standard entropy of formation from the elemental substances and the standard entropy of hypothetical reaction of synthesis from the amino acids at 298.15 K were calculated for the studied tripeptide.National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.) (EB-003151)National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.) (EB-001960)National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.) (EB-002026
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