2 research outputs found
Sex differences in stress-induced sleep deficits
Sleep disruptions are hallmarks in the pathophysiology of several stress-related disorders, including Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), both known to disproportionately affect female populations. Although previous studies have attempted to investigate disordered sleep in women, few studies have explored and compared how repeated stress affects sleep in both sexes in either human or animal models. We have previously shown that male rats exhibit behavioral and neuroendocrine habituation to 5âdays of repeated restraint, whereas females do not; additional days of stress exposure are required to observe habituation in females. This study examined sex differences in sleep measures prior to, during, and after repeated restraint stress in adult male and female rats. Our data reveal that repeated stress increased time spent awake and decreased slow-wave sleep (SWS) and REM sleep (REMS) in females, and these effects persisted over 2âdays of recovery. In contrast, the effects of stress on males were transient. These insomnia-like symptoms were accompanied by a greater number of exaggerated motor responses to waking from REMS in females, a phenotype similar to trauma-related nightmares. In sum, these data demonstrate that repeated stress produces disruptions in sleep that persist days after the stress is terminated in female rats. These disruptions in sleep produced by 5âdays of repeated restraint may be due to their lack of habituation
Leveraging longitudinal diffusion MRI data to quantify differences in white matter microstructural decline in normal and abnormal aging
Abstract Introduction It is unclear how rates of white matter microstructural decline differ between normal aging and abnormal aging. Methods Diffusion MRI data from several wellâestablished longitudinal cohorts of aging (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative [ADNI], Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging [BLSA], Vanderbilt Memory & Aging Project [VMAP]) were freeâwater corrected and harmonized. This dataset included 1723 participants (age at baseline: 72.8 ± 8.87 years, 49.5% male) and 4605 imaging sessions (followâup time: 2.97 ± 2.09 years, followâup range: 1â13 years, mean number of visits: 4.42 ± 1.98). Differences in white matter microstructural decline in normal and abnormal agers was assessed. Results While we found a global decline in white matter in normal/abnormal aging, we found that several white matter tracts (e.g., cingulum bundle) were vulnerable to abnormal aging. Conclusions There is a prevalent role of white matter microstructural decline in aging, and future largeâscale studies in this area may further refine our understanding of the underlying neurodegenerative processes. HIGHLIGHTS Longitudinal data were freeâwater corrected and harmonized. Global effects of white matter decline were seen in normal and abnormal aging. The freeâwater metric was most vulnerable to abnormal aging. Cingulum freeâwater was the most vulnerable to abnormal aging