ELEVATING THE PROBLEMS OF LINEAR SEARCHABLE CIPHERTEXT ON LARGE-SCALE DATABASE

The thought of traditional public-key file encryption by keyword search does not hold any hidden structure involving the public-key file encryption by keyword search cipher-texts correspondingly, its semantic security is just defined for your keywords and phrases. We are concerned in provision of efficient search performance missing of compromising semantic security within public-key file encryption by keyword search. Inside our work we introduce searchable public-key cipher-texts by hidden structures for keyword search as rapidly as achievable missing of compromising semantic security regarding encoded keywords and phrases. Our structure is inspired by a lot of interesting findings using the systems of on Identity-Based Key Encapsulation. Inside the recommended system, the entire keyword-searchable cipher-texts that are structured by hidden relations, by search trapdoor that suits a keyword, minimum data of relations is revealed with a search formula as management to locate the whole matching cipher-texts resourcefully

Knowledge and attitude among Indian medical students towards thalassemia: a study in Delhi NCR

Background: Thalassemia can easily be prevented by awareness, education, screening, premarital genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis. There are only a handful of articles on knowledge and awareness about thalassemia among general population or parents of thalassaemic children. Aims and objectives was to evaluate the level of awareness, knowledge and attitudes of medical students towards thalassemia as well as to analyse the differences if any between the first year and second year MBBS students and their correlation with various socio-demographic parameters.Methods: This was an institutional based cross sectional observational descriptive study regarding knowledge and attitude of first and second year MBBS students about thalassemia using a pre-designed, structured, self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 17. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant.Results: Mean knowledge scores of second year MBBS students compared to first year MBBS were 11.73±1.78 versus 10.8±1.92, the difference being statistically significant, however, the difference between mean attitude scores was not found to be significant. There was no effect of age, gender, region or Kuppuswamy’s socio-economic class on the knowledge or attitude of MBBS students towards thalassemia.Conclusions: Majority of the MBBS students had good knowledge and positive attitude towards thalassemia. To confirm the observations, large scale studies need to be conducted comprising of different study populations. Screening for thalassemia should be made mandatory, as part of medical examination, at entry to a medical college so that the medical college students are sensitized and can spread awareness among general population

A Correlation of Tumor Budding and Tumor Stroma Ratio with Clinicopathological Factors in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common carcinoma in the head and neck region. Both tumor budding and tumor stroma ratio are being studied in the recent years in various solid tumors for their role as a prognostic marker, however the studies in oral squamous cell carcinoma are limited. Methods: A total of 50 patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma proved histologically were included in the study over a period of 4 months (July 2022-October 2022). Tumor budding(TB) and Tumor stroma ratio (TSR) were evaluated on routine hematoxylin and eosin stained sections and these were correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test and p value &lt;.05 considered significant. Result: The mean age was 52.72 +_ 13.16 and M: F of 7.1:1. Most of the tumors were located on tongue (46%) followed by buccal mucosa (26%), gingivobuccal sulcus (12%) and retromolar trigone (8%). Palate and alveolus were the other sites involved constituting 4% each. Both TB and TSR were found to be significantly associated with grade of the tuumor, lymph node metastasis and size of the tumor. A highly significant correlation was also found between Tb and TSR with a p value &lt;.001. Conclusion: Both TB and TSR can be easily evaluated on routine H&amp;E sections and are highly reproducible and found to be reliable independent prognostic markers in OSCC. Thus, this simple and cost-effective method of prognostification which is currently lacking will help in identifying patients with poor prognosis and thus, individualise the treatment plan. Keywords: Tumor Budding, Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Tumor stroma ratio

Small-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Cervix Masquerading as a Cervical Fibroid: Report of a rare entity

Primary neuroendocrine tumours of the cervix are extremely rare, with an incidence of only 0.5–1%; as such, these entities can present a clinical and diagnostic challenge. Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the cervix are highly aggressive tumours that have a tendency to metastasise. We report a 44-year-old woman who presented to the Gynaecology Clinic of the Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad, India, in 2016 with menorrhagia. Based on a clinical examination, she was provisionally diagnosed with a cervical fibroid. However, a biopsy revealed features of a small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix which was subsequently confirmed via immunohistochemistry. An accurate diagnosis of a neuroendocrine carcinoma is vital as it forms the basis for treatment decisions as well as informing predictions for long-term survival

Scar endometriosis with rudimentary horn: An unusual and elucidative report of a case diagnosed on histopathology and immunohistochemistry

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the endometrial cavity. Scar endometriosis, also known as spontaneous abdominal wall endometriosis, is an unusual clinical presentation which often goes unnoticed. It usually develops after pelvic operations. The incidence has been estimated to be only 0.03%–0.15% of all cases of endometriosis. It can be either asymptomatic or present as abdominal wall pain at the site of surgical incision. It is most commonly diagnosed clinically or on ultrasonography. The treatment of choice predominantly remains surgical excision. We present a case of a 24-year-old female (known case of bicornuate uterus) who presented with chief complaints of abdominal pain for 1 month and 6 months after metroplasty. The patient was clinically diagnosed as a case of scar endometriosis with rudimentary horn and fistulous tract and taken up for surgery. Both the scar tissue and fistulous tract were removed and histopathology revealed only endometrial glands without stroma or hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Diagnosis of scar endometriosis was established on positive immunohistochemistry for estrogen and progesterone receptor in endometrial glands. Timely diagnosis and surgical excision of scar endometriosis along with close follow-up are necessary to prevent complications and recurrence

A correlation between platelet indices and preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the major health problems causing maternal morbidity and mortality, complicating 3–8% of pregnancies. It has been suggested that the alterations in the coagulation and fibrinolysis play a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The markers of platelet activation include platelet count, platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume and plateletcrit. Study design: It was a case-controlled study which included a total of 60 patients (30 cases and 30 controls). Blood samples were collected and the platelet indices – platelet count, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width – were evaluated using the Sysmex XN1000 and compared between the two groups. Results: The MPV and PDW also showed a significant difference (p > 0.05) between the two groups, with a significant positive correlation with increasing blood pressure (MPV – r = +0.6126, p < 0.05 and PDW – r = +0.6441, p < 0.05). The PC and PCT had lower values in the preeclampsia patients, however the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The MPV and PDW showed a significant difference between the two groups and increasing values with increasing BP. However, the PC and PCT in our study did not show a significant correlation with preeclampsia. Thus, the platelet indices, mainly the MPV and PDW, which are economical and easily available, can be reliable in the prediction and early diagnosis of preeclampsia, as well as a marker for the severity of preeclampsia. Keywords: Mean platelet volume, Platelet distribution width, Preeclampsia, Platelet count, Plateletcri

Platelet parameters: Can they serve as biomarkers of glycemic control or development of complications in evaluation of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Background: Platelet function plays a crucial pathophysiological role in the development of atherothrombosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Platelet count (PC) and mean platelet volume (MPV) are simple, effective, and cheap tests that may be used to predict angiopathy in type 2 DM. Objectives: The aims of this study were to analyze various platelet parameters including PC, plateletcrit (total mass of platelets) (PCT), and mean platelet indices that are MPV, platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet-large cell ratio (PLCR) in the type 2 DM patients, to compare various platelet indices between DM patients (with and without complications) and controls. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 3 months. Complete blood count along with blood glucose and HbA1c was estimated. The study population was divided into three groups: Group 1: Normal controls (n = 30); Group 2: DM patients without complications (n = 30); and Group 3: DM patients with complications (n = 30). Based on HbA1c levels among the diabetic patients, the diabetic groups were also classified as DM with HbA1c 7%. Results: All the platelet parameters were found to be higher among DM with complication as compared to DM without complication, and this was found to be statistically significant. Among the platelet parameters, MPV, PCT, and PDW were found to be higher among DM with HbA1c >7% as compared to DM with HbA1c <7%, and this was found to be statistically significant while there was no significant differences in PC and PLCR between the two groups. Conclusion: Monitoring of DM to prevent the occurrence of vascular complications is the need of the hour. The results of the study suggest a role of various platelet indices as a simple and cost-effective tool to monitor the progression and control of DM

Xanthogranulomatous change in a leiomyoma: First report of an extremely rare variant/degenerative change

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation, a specific form of chronic inflammation, is marked by parenchymal destruction, proliferative fibrosis, and infiltration of typical foamy histiocytes admixed with hemosiderin-laden macrophages and foreign-body giant cells. Myometrial xanthomatosis, a term designated for nodular or diffuse histiocytic hyperplasia of the myometrium, has been reported in association with pregnancy-related procedures. Moreover, a 2–3-fold increase in histiocytic counts has been observed in leiomyomatous areas than in adjacent normal myometrium. The first evidence of collections of lipid-laden macrophages was documented in the form of yellowish degeneration of uterine leiomyomas. We report a case of xanthogranulomatous change in a leiomyoma in a 47-year-old female who presented with abnormal uterine bleeding. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of xanthogranulomatous variant/degenerative change in a leiomyoma. This case highlights a new variant of leiomyoma which both gynecologists and pathologists should be aware of as it may pose a diagnostic challenge both clinically as well as pathologically

Synchronous occurrence of adult granulosa cell tumor with fibroma in one ovary and brenner tumor in other ovary: An extremely unusual case

Ovarian tumors are a common form of neoplasia in women and it accounts for about 30% of female genital cancers. A coexistence of ovarian tumors with the same histogenetic origin such as germ cell or epithelial or sex cord stromal, but different histologic subtype is relatively common, whereas a synchronous occurrence of tumors with different histogenetic origin is rare. We report a case of 58-year-old woman with the synchronous presentation of adult granulosa cell tumor with fibroma (ovarian tumors with the same origin (sex cord stromal) but different histologic type) in one ovary and Brenner tumor (epithelial origin) in other ovary. Our patient presented with postmenopausal bleeding and was diagnosed with this rare combination of ovarian tumors on histopathology supplemented with immunohistochemistry. On extensive literary search, there is only a single report of mixed ovarian tumor composed of Brenner tumor and adult-type granulosa cell tumor. Our case is different from the above-mentioned report as although, in our patient both tumors coexisted, but in contralateral ovaries

Association of coagulation profile with microvascular complications and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus – a study at a tertiary care center in Delhi

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, characterized by insulin resistance, corresponds to approximately 90% of cases of diabetes worldwide. Hyperglycemia in diabetes contributes to hyperfibrinogenemia and activates the coagulation cascade thereby producing atherothrombotic events. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the coagulation profile (activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and fibrinogen) in Type 2 diabetes and to analyze correlations between body mass index, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and duration of diabetes with coagulation parameters. Methods: This study included 60 type 2 diabetics and 30 controls. Diabetic patients were grouped in two sets based on the presence or absence of microvascular complications. The demographic profile and clinical details were recorded. Fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, coagulation parameters such as prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen along with other biochemical parameters were investigated. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the coagulation parameters between the two groups of diabetics (with and without complications). The present study also found significant correlations between age and the duration of diabetes with and without complications and coagulation parameters such as the activated partial thromboplastin time, which was found to be significantly lower, and fibrinogen, which was found to be significantly higher in subjects with complications compared to subjects without complications. Conclusion: Clinical tests for prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen are relatively inexpensive and readily available. The present study shows that shortened prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and increased fibrinogen levels might be useful hemostatic markers in diabetic patients, especially in those at high-risk for thrombotic complications. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Coagulation, HbA1c, PT, APT