Ultrastructure of Quinoa Fruit (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)

The structure of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) fruit before and after germination was studied using electron microscopy. Protective coverings include a perianth consisting of loosely adhering cell s which are readily removed by washing, a pericarp and two seed coat layers. Starch granules fill the perispenn cells and are arranged in 18 to 20 oblong aggregates. Limited hydrolysis of the starch occurs after 24 hrs of germination, with amylolytic erosion of large granules occurring at the hilum and periphery of the granul es. Ungerminated embryo cells contain protein bodies with phosphorus-containing globoid inclusions. Essentially complete hydrolysis of the embryo protein bodies occurs within 24 hrs of germination leaving large central vacuoles within the cells

Graft copolymerization of methacrylates onto wool fibers

Grafting of butyl (BuMA), decyl (DeMA), and octadecyl methacrylate (ODeMA) onto reduced wool was carried out by using K2S2O8 or K2S2O8–LiBr redox system as initiator. The influence of the monomer and monomer concentration, temperature, and duration of the reaction on the percentage of grafting was studied. Evidence of grafting was provided by scanning electron microscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and infrared spectroscopy. Copyright © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc