Impact of cross-border data flows on goods and services flows in international trade

Objective: to assess the impact of cross-border data flows on imports and exports.Methods: static panel data models, graphical method.Results: the paper shows that currently the issues of the digitalization impact on economic processes are insufficiently studied from an empirical point of view, and the conclusions obtained by the researchers are quite contradictory. To assess the impact of digitalization, the authors formed a model with fixed effects, the variables of which are indicators of exports and imports of goods and services of geographical macro-regions, the use of international bandwidth, oil rents, investment indicators, etc. The main conclusion is that the use of international data transmission channels has a statistically significant effect on export and import flows. Modeling in terms of geographical macro-regions showed that the impact of international data flows on export and import flows was uneven.Scientific novelty: the negative impact of international data flows on exports in Latin America and the Caribbean and imports in Europe and Central Asia, East Asia and the Pacific is shown. A quantitative assessment of the impact of cross-border data flows on international trade flows gives grounds to assert the ambiguous consequences of digital transformation in relation to international trade for certain geographical macro-regions.Practical significance: conclusions based on the study results can become the basis for assessing the consequences of measures aimed at increasing the country’s involvement in the globalization and digitalization processes. The study results can also be used to further assess the impact of international data flows on international trade indicators during external shocks and to determine the specifics of this relationship during increased macroeconomic instability and risk

High-resolution investigations of ripple structures formed by femtosecond laser irradiation of silicon

We report on the structural investigation of self-organized periodic microstructures (ripples) generated in Si(100) targets after multishot irradiation by approximately 100-fs to 800-nm laser pulses at intensities near the single shot ablation threshold. Inspection by surface sensitive microscopy, e.g., atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveal complex structural modifications upon interaction with the laser: even well outside the ablated area, the target surface exhibits fine ripple-like undulations, consisting of alternating crystalline and amorphous silicon. Inside the heavily modified area, amorphous silicon is found only in the valleys but not on the crests which, instead, consist of highly distorted crystalline phases, rich in defects

Optimal schemes for the use of anthelmintics at gastrointestinal strongylatosis of young cattle

The purpose of the research is to study the rational terms for the use of anthelmintics in case of gastrointestinal strongylatoses of young cattle in Nonchernozem zone of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. The timing of the onset of re-isolation of nematode eggs with feces of cattle after the use of some anthelmintics was determined on 50 black-motley calves weighing 117–130 kg, spontaneously infected with gastrointestinal strongylates. The optimal schemes for the use of anthelmintics in case of gastrointestinal strongylatosis of young cattle were studied on 109 calves of the first year of grazing in the pasture period of 2010. After numbering, the animals were weighed and divided into experimental and control groups. Each group was divided into two subgroups of 15–17 heads. Animals of all groups from May 3 to October 10, 2018 were grazed together in one herd on a pasture where cattle infected with strongylates had previously grazed. Levamisole from the group of imidothiazoles, Alben from the group of benzimidazoles and Aversect-2 from the group of macrocyclic lactones were tested. The drugs were used in therapeutic doses: levamisole at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg by AS intramuscularly, Alben at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg with concentrated feed, and Aversect-2 at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously once. Levamisole was administered to the animals of the first group on the 6th, 10th and 14th weeks of grazing, and to the animals of the second group - on the 6th and 10th weeks of grazing. Alben was used on young cattle of the third group on the 6th, 11th and 16th weeks, and on the animals of the fourth group - on the 6th and 11th weeks of grazing. Aversect-2 was administered to cattle of the fifth group at the 6th, 13th and 20th weeks of grazing, and to the animals of the sixth group – at the 6th and 13th weeks. Animals of the 7th group did not receive the drug and served as control. Fecal samples were taken from animals of all groups on a monthly basis and investigated by a quantitative method in order to detect eggs of gastrointestinal strongylate. The results obtained were statistically processed using the computer program Microsoft Excel.Results and discussion. Tests of drugs for gastrointestinal strongylatoses of young cattle showed different persistence of anthelmintic action. After deworming the animals, single eggs of strongylate in their faeces were again detected 4 weeks after the administration of Levamisole, 5 weeks after the administration of Alben, and 7 weeks after the administration of Aversect-2. The most rational scheme for deworming young cattle with gastrointestinal strongylatoses is the use of Aversect-2 on the 6th and 19th weeks of grazing

Development of human capital in the system of economic categories of work

Today, human capital is one of the main factors in the formation of the knowledge economy, which is the highest stage in the development of an innovative, post-industrial economy. The development of intellectual and spiritual capabilities of a person, as well as the accumulation of human capital, which has a strong influence on the productivity and quality of labor, becomes one of the priorities for the future development of the state. This article discusses the development of human capital in the system of economic categories of labor.peer-reviewe

A procedure for determining 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using immobilized molecular imprinted polymers and an amperometric biosensor

A combined procedure was suggested for determining dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using polyacrylamidebased polymers immobilized in a nitrocellulose matrix with molecular imprints and amperometric cholinesterase biosensors. The sorbability of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the immobilized polymers and reference polymers was evaluated, and the quantitative characteristics of the sorption-desorption process were calculated. © 2010 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Surface modification of electrodes by carbon nanotubes and gold and silver nanoparticles in monoaminoxidase biosensors for the determination of some antidepressants

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Surface modification of screen-printed graphite electrodes with nanostructured materials (multiwall carbon nanotubes, gold and silver nanoparticles) allow their application as supports of amperometric monoaminoxidase biosensors for the determination of antidepressant drugs (moclobemide, tianeptine, and amitriptyline). This approach improves analytical characteristics of the corresponding biosensors because of the inhibitory effect of antidepressants (two-parameter concerted inhibition) on the catalytic activity of an immobilized enzyme. The analytical capabilities of the developed biosensor types were compared. The range of working concentrations was from 5 × 10–9 to 1 × 10–4 M and the lower limit of the analytical range was of about 8 × 10–10 M. Biosensors based on electrodes modified with nanostructured materials were tested in the control of the concentration of drugs in body fluids (urine) and dosage forms

Effect of nanostructured materials as electrode surface modifiers on the analytical capacity of amperometric biosensors

© 2015 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles as surface modifiers of screen-printed graphite electrodes, the basis of amperometric monoamine oxidase biosensors, on their analytical characteristics was studied. The presence of carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles was confirmed by UV spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The use of the oxidation current of hydrogen peroxide, the product of oxidative deamination of biogenic amines in the presence of immobilized monoamine oxidase as a representative of the class of oxidoreductases, as the analytical signal made it possible to choose the synthesis method and to suggest ways to deposit the modifiers under study on the electrode surface. The curve of the inhibiting effect of tricyclic antidepressants on the catalytic activity of the immobilized enzyme on the solution pH and amount of modifiers was considered. It was found that the lower limit of the determinable concentrations decreases to a level of 4 × 10-9 M, the sensitivity coefficient is improved, and the range of determinable concentrations of amitryptiline and imipramine is extended to 1 × 10-4-1 × 10-8 M. It is shown that the suggested biosensors can be used to monitor the residual amounts of medical substances in urine

Hyperbranched polyesterpolyols as components of amperometric monoamine oxidase biosensors based on electrodes modified with nanomaterials for determination of antidepressants

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.The use of hyperbranched polyesterpolyols of different generations favors firmer fixation of carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles as components of composite materials on the electrode surface (0.028 mg cm–2), which improves the operation characteristics of monoamine oxidase biosensors. The size of silver nanoparticles (18–52 nm) depends on the conditions for preparing hyperbranched polyesterpolyols, and their use as electrode modifiers influences the analytical possibilities of amperometric biosensors. Silver nanoparticles (18 nm, data of atomic force microscopy) in polyesterpolyols of third generation (pH 10.0) as components of the developed biosensors extend the interval of determinable concentrations to 1 × 10–4–1 × 10–8 M and decrease the lower limit of determination to 3 × 10–9 M, compared to the unmodified sensors, owing to enhancement of the analytical signal. The developed biosensors were tested in monitoring of drugs (antidepressants) in Coaxil and Auroriks drug forms with the relative standard deviation on the level of 0.052

Carbon nanomaterials as electrode surface modifiers in development of amperometric monoamino oxidase biosensors

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Modification of a printed graphite electrode surface by carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide) was used to improve the analytical capabilities of amperometric monoamine oxidase biosensors in the determination of medicinal substances with antidepressant activity (moclobemide and amitriptyline). It was found that the range of determined concentrations of pharmaceutical agents varied from 1 × 10–4 to 1 × 10–8 mol/L. The developed monoamine oxidase biosensors were used for determination of medicinal agents in their dosage forms