Suppression of beating noise of narrow-linewidth erbium-doped fiber ring lasers by use of a semiconductor optical amplifier

Beating noise in narrow-linewidth erbium-doped fiber ring lasers puts severe limitations on applications of the lasers. We demonstrate the suppression of beating noise in fiber ring lasers by using a semiconductor optical amplifier in the laser cavity, which acts as a high-pass filter. Two different ring structures are presented as examples to demonstrate this beating noise suppression

The index of projective families of elliptic operators: the decomposable case

An index theory for projective families of elliptic pseudodifferential operators is developed under two conditions. First, that the twisting, i.e. Dixmier-Douady, class is in H2(X; Z)[H1(X; Z) H3(X; Z) and secondly that the 2-class part is trivialized on the total space of the fibration. One of the features of this special case is that the corresponding Azumaya bundle can be refined to a bundle of smoothing operators. The topological and the analytic index of a projective family of elliptic operators associated with the smooth Azumaya bundle both take values in twisted K-theory of the parameterizing space and the main result is the equality of these two notions of index. The twisted Chern character of the index class is then computed by a variant of Chern-Weil theory.V. Mathai, R.B. Melrose and I.M. Singe

A case report of rare presentation of granulosa cell tumor with torsion and capsule rupture

We report a rare case of granulosa cell tumor (GCT) which has undergone torsion and capsule rupture presenting as acute abdomen. The incidence of ovarian torsion among women of reproductive age is 9.9 per 100,000 where dermoid cyst is more common to undergo torsion

Directionally asymmetric self-assembly of cadmium sulfide nanotubes using porous alumina nanoreactors: Need for chemohydrodynamic instability at the nanoscale

We explore nanoscale hydrodynamical effects on synthesis and self-assembly of cadmium sulfide nanotubes oriented along one direction. These nanotubes are synthesized by horizontal capillary flow of two different chemical reagents from opposite directions through nanochannels of porous anodic alumina which are used primarily as nanoreactors. We show that uneven flow of different chemical precursors is responsible for directionally asymmetric growth of these nanotubes. On the basis of structural observations using scanning electron microscopy, we argue that chemohydrodynamic convective interfacial instability of multicomponent liquid-liquid reactive interface is necessary for sustained nucleation of these CdS nanotubes at the edges of these porous nanochannels over several hours. However, our estimates clearly suggest that classical hydrodynamics cannot account for the occurrence of such instabilities at these small length scales. Therefore, we present a case which necessitates further investigation and understanding of chemohydrodynamic fluid flow through nanoconfined channels in order to explain the occurrence of such interfacial instabilities at nanometer length scales.Comment: 26 pages, 6 figures; http://www.iiserpune.ac.in/researchhighlight