On the importance of Mesopodopsis zeylanica (Crustacea, Mysidacea) as food of fish.

This investigation was aimed at ascertaining the actual consumers of Mesopodopsis zeylanica, to assess its importance in the trophic relationship within the habitat

Eradication of predatory fishes in fish ponds and nursery ponds using electricity

Prior to stocking economic species in tanks and nursery ponds, all the unwanted and predatory fishes in them will have to be removed. Even though most of them can be caught with ordinary gear such as cast net, drag net, scoop net etc. Total or absolute eradication is not possible and those left over are sufficient to destroy all the fingerlings introduced. Development of an electrical method for killing predatory fishes at reasonable cost is therefore, expected to provide a solution. This paper deals with a few methods, based on the use of electricity and which are suitable for different ponds

Stick held drag net for shore line fishes of reservoirs

Observations on the use of stick held drag nets for the removal of shore line fish, which adversely affect the growth of commercially important species in reservoirs, are presented

Eradication of uneconomical fishes with simple gill nets at Hirakud reservoir

Experiments with simple gill nets of mesh bar 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 mm were carried out to determine the suitable mesh size for the eradication of the uneconomical fishes of Hirakud reservoir. Results show that net with 25 mm bar is more suitable particularly for Gudusia chapra (Ham), Rohtee cotio (Day) and Eutropichthys vacha (Ham)

High density planting in rubber plantations: Effect on growth and yield

Planting density is an important parameter influencing the growth and yield of trees. A field study was conducted at Central Experiment Station of Rubber Research Institute of India, Chethackal, Kerala with clone RRII 105 in split plot design with five densities as main plot treatments and two fertilizer quantities as sub plot treatment replicated four times to study the effect of density of planting on growth and yield of rubber. The five densities tested are 420 trees ha-1 (4.9 m x 4.9 m), 479 trees ha-1 (4.6 m x 4.6 m), 549 trees ha-1 (4.3 m x4.3 m), 638 trees ha-1 (4 m x 4 m) and 749 trees ha-1 (3.7 m x 3.7 m) and the two subplot treatments are recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) on unit area basis and RDF on per plant basis. Growth of the plants was not significantly influenced by the different planting densities up to eighth year after planting, but in the later years increased planting density decreased the girth and trees in the lowest density of 420 trees ha-1 recorded significantly higher girth. The lowest density also recorded significantly higher per tree yield. However, the annual yield per hectare was the highest (2553 kg) in the highest density of 749 trees ha-1 which was comparable (2457 kg) with that of the density of 549 trees ha-1. Bole height increased with planting density. But the bole volume, 18 years after planting was not significantly influenced by the planting density. Bark thickness was the highest (9.76 mm) in the lowest density and it was comparable (9.40) with that of the density 549 trees ha-1. Effect of fertilizer application on per plant basis and area basis was not significant throughout the study period. Based on 7 years yield data highest BCR of 3.16 and IRR of 29.11 per cent were obtained for the density of 549 trees ha-1

Estimation of fish production from Hirakud reservoir

A suitable procedure based broadly on stratified random sampling for estimation of fish production from Hirakud reservoir is described. The total fish production for the years 1978 and 1979 from Hirakud reservoir, along with seasonal variation of different species is discussed

Efficiency of two designs of trawls in Hirakud Reservoir

High opening trawl was found to be effective for the exploitation of bottom and off bottom fishes from Hirakud reservoir compared to bulged belly trawl

Shark long line gear of India

Sharks are mainly harvested with long lines which is less expensive compared to other methods of fishing. Though this is a common gear operated along the coast, the gear in every region has its own peculiarities in construction and rigging. This communication furnishes detailed description of the gear operated in different centres. Suggestions are also offered to improve the gear and methods for enhancing production

Public Health Service Project Py 71-1, National Institutes of Health Projects HE 11829 and HE 12536

SUMMARY Entrance block of an atrial premature beat (APB) into the atrioventricular node is demonstrated by its lack of effect on the A-V nodal conduction of a subsequent beat which is introduced before the full recovery time of the A-V node. This phenomenon was demonstrated in five patients by using programmed atrial stimulation and His bundle recordings. Entrance block into the A-V node occurred in a narrow range (28-33%) of the basic cycle length and concealed conduction occurred at coupling intervals longer than this range. It appears that entrance block of these early APBs is due to a "functional block" between the atrium and the A-V node

SARS-CoV-2 infects the human kidney and drives fibrosis in kidney organoids

Kidney failure is frequently observed during and after COVID-19, but it remains elusive whether this is a direct effect of the virus. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 directly infects kidney cells and is associated with increased tubule-interstitial kidney fibrosis in patient autopsy samples. To study direct effects of the virus on the kidney independent of systemic effects of COVID-19, we infected human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived kidney organoids with SARS-CoV-2. Single-cell RNA sequencing indicated injury and dedifferentiation of infected cells with activation of profibrotic signaling pathways. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 infection also led to increased collagen 1 protein expression in organoids. A SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitor was able to ameliorate the infection of kidney cells by SARS-CoV-2. Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect kidney cells and induce cell injury with subsequent fibrosis. These data could explain both acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients and the development of chronic kidney disease in long COVID