Caracterización fisicoquímica, tecno-funcional y antioxidante de la piel plateada del café

Coffee residues have been considered a valuable source of nutritional and functional components thus are considered a potential ingredient for foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical, techno-functional and antioxidant properties of coffee silverskin flakes and powder. The results indicated that coffee silverskin flakes and powder showed pH near to neutrality, and the color was Roman coffee and Deep coffee, respectively, which show that milling process change this parameter. Coffee silverskin flakes showed the highest water and oil-holding capacity, while, both coffee residues exert slight swelling and foam capacity, and foam stability, without effect of milling process. However, both residues do not exert emulsion and gelling capacity, as well as emulsion stability. The presence of phenols, flavonoids, caffeoylquinic acid and alkaloids (powder > flakes) were detected in both residues, which exert free- and radical-cation scavenging activity (powder = flakes), reducing power properties, and lipid oxidation inhibition (powder > flakes). In conclusion, coffee silverskin can be proposed as a functional ingredient for food industry.Los residuos de café se han considerado una fuente valiosa de componentes nutricionales y funcionales, por ello se consideran un ingrediente potencial para la industria alimentaria. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las propiedades fisicoquímicas, tecno-funcionales y antioxidantes de hojuelas y harina de cascarilla de café. Las hojuelas y la harina de piel plateada de café mostraron un pH cercano a la neutralidad, y el color fue café romano y café profundo, respectivamente, lo que indica que el proceso de molienda cambia este parámetro. Los resultados indicaron que las hojuelas de cascarilla de café mostraron la mayor capacidad de retención de agua y aceite, mientras que ambos residuos presentaron ligera capacidad de hinchamiento, formación de espuma y estabilidad de espuma, sin efecto del proceso de molienda. Sin embargo, ambos residuos no presentaron capacidad de emulsión y gelificación, así como estabilidad de la emulsión. La presencia de fenoles, flavonoides, ácido cafeoilquínico y alcaloides (harina > hojuelas) fue detectada en ambos residuos, los cuales ejercieron actividad DPPH• y ABTS•+ (harina = hojuelas), poder reductor e inhibición de oxidación de lípidos (harina > hojuelas). En conclusión, la cascarilla de café puede proponerse como ingrediente funcional para la industria alimentaria

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Effect of Agaricus brasiliensis Extract on Raw and Cooked Pork Patties during Storage

Edible mushrooms have been proposed as a natural ingredient to prevent loss of quality in meat products. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Agaricus brasiliensis aqueous-ethanol extract (ABE, at 0, 0.5, and 1.0%) versus butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, 0.02% on a fat basis) added to raw and cooked pork patties to prolong shelf-life under chilled storage. All samples were stored at 2 C for 9 days and subjected to physicochemical (pH, water-holding capacity, and color), chemical (lipid oxidation and antioxidant status), and microbiological evaluation (mesophilic and psychrophilic). Phenolic compounds (TPC) in ABE exert a reducing power ability (Fe3+ reduction), free-radical (DPPH), and radical-cation scavenging activity (ABTS), as well as antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative. Furthermore, incorporating ABE in raw and cooked pork patties reduced (p < 0.05) pH and color changes, lipid oxidation, and microbial growth during storage in concentration dependence. No differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the WHC and b* values. In addition, the presence of TPC and the antioxidant status (Fe3+ reduction, DPPH, and ABTS activity) of pork patties increased (p < 0.05) by the ABE incorporation. ABE can be a natural additive to improve the storage stability of pork pattie

POLLEN PROFILE OF PROPOLIS PRODUCED ON THE EASTERN EDGE OF THE SONORAN DESERT IN CENTRAL SONORA, MEXICO

ABSTRACT Eight propolis samples from the eastern edge of the Sonoran Desert were collected at two sites (Pueblo de Álamos and Rancho Viejo, located at Ures, Sonora, Mexico) during two seasons of the year (winter and summer, 2012 and 2013) and analyzed using palynological methods in order to determine which plants were visited by bees in order to collect raw material (resins, wax and pollen) to form propolis. The pollen analysis identified a total of 42 pollen types. Six samples of propolis were bifloral (summer and winter samples) and two multifloral (winter). Mimosa distachya var. laxiflora and Prosopis velutina were considered characteristic pollen types, composing 15 to 45% of total pollen sums

Evidence of spatial clustering of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases in Greater Mexico City: report from the Mexican Inter-Institutional Group for the identification of the causes of childhood leukemia

BackgroundA heterogeneous geographic distribution of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases has been described, possibly, related to the presence of different environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to explore the geographical distribution of childhood ALL cases in Greater Mexico City (GMC).MethodsA population-based case-control study was conducted. Children &lt;18 years old, newly diagnosed with ALL and residents of GMC were included. Controls were patients without leukemia recruited from second-level public hospitals, frequency-matched by sex, age, and health institution with the cases. The residence address where the patients lived during the last year before diagnosis (cases) or the interview (controls) was used for geolocation. Kulldorff’s spatial scan statistic was used to detect spatial clusters (SCs). Relative risks (RR), associated p-value and number of cases included for each cluster were obtained.ResultsA total of 1054 cases with ALL were analyzed. Of these, 408 (38.7%) were distributed across eight SCs detected. A relative risk of 1.61 (p&lt;0.0001) was observed for the main cluster. Similar results were noted for the remaining seven ones. Additionally, a proximity between SCs, electrical installations and petrochemical facilities was observed.ConclusionsThe identification of SCs in certain regions of GMC suggest the possible role of environmental factors in the etiology of childhood ALL