Public Awareness about Global Warming in Hyderabad, India

This study addressed public perceptions and awareness about global warming in India through a survey of 851 subjects in the city of Hyderabad in the year 2007. A stratified sample of nine segments of society showed that, although people consider global warming a serious problem, they do not clearly understand its causes, impacts, and solutions. The data analyses using paired T-tests indicated differences in levels of awareness about global warming, across age and education. ANOVA and regression analysis suggested that levels of awareness among respondents varied according to their occupation. The degree of seriousness with which subjects viewed global warming influenced the degree of their support for eco-friendly initiatives. The level of education of subjects was correlated with variations in their perceptions about global warming and support for environmentally friendly initiatives. However, subjects associated global warming with the issue of air pollution. They showed a tendency to advocate action by society and government rather than by individual initiatives to address the problem. Based on these findings, policy makers can tailor awareness initiatives, highlighting the seriousness of the problem and the measures that could be taken at the individual level

Effective Diffusivity Coefficients for Degradation of Pectin in Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Pulps Using Immobilized Pectinase

 Background and objective: Recently, use of immobilization technology through cell entrapment to entrap biocatalysts has been shown as an economical method since it offers several advantages over suspension cultures such as reusability, high cell concentrations over a period of time, elimination of costly processes of cell recovery and cell recycling and simplifying the downstream processing. Understanding diffusion and permeability coefficients is necessary for the creation of optimized encapsulation systems. The major objectives of the present study included degradation studies on pectin using batch systems using soluble and immobilized pectinase enzymes.Materials and methods: Commercial pectinase enzymes were immobilized using entrapment method for liquefaction of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) pulps with a wide range of applications in food industries. Guava fruit pulps were liquefied using free and immobilized pectinase enzymes to assess the intraparticle mass transfer resistance.Results and conclusion: In the current study, effects of mass transfer on liquefaction process were revealed. Effectiveness factors for the various sizes of immobilized beads included less than 1.0, which indicated that the pectin degradation was a diffusion-controlled process. Effectiveness factors included 0.520 and 0.268 for beads having smallest and largest diameters, respectively. Intra-particle mass transfer resistance was assessed by calculating Thiele modulus (ф) using effectiveness factors calculated for various bead sizes. These results were further used to calculate the effective diffusivity coefficients (De) of guava pulps into the pores. Thiele modulus values (ф) were much higher than 1, which showed that the reaction was very fast and the system was mass transfer controlled. Beads with lower diameters included higher diffusivity coefficients showing a better rate of diffusion of substrates from bulk solutions.Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest

EFFECT OF NON-LINEAR DENSITY VARIATION ON CONVECTIVE HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER WITH THIRD ORDER BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

In this paper, we analyze the combined influence of thermal radiation, Soret, Dufour effects, heat sources on convective heat and mass transfer flow of a viscous ,electrically conducting, chemically reacting fluid past a vertical plate with a convective surface boundary conduction. The governing equations are transformed by employing similarity transformations and the resultant non-dimensional equations are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta method along with Shooting technique. The effects of various parameters velocity, temperature, concentration ,skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are exhibited in figures ,tables and analyze in detail. Keywords :Thermal Radiation, Radiation Absorption, Soret Effect and Dufour effects, Dissipatio

Combined Influence of Chemical Reaction, Dissipation and Radiation Absorption on Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Flow in a Non-Uniformly Heated Vertical Channel

In this paper, we investigate the effect of chemical reaction and dissipation on mixed convective heat and mass transfer flow of a viscous, electrically conducting and incompressible fluid in a vertical channel bounded by flat walls. A non-uniform temperature is imposed on the walls and the concentration on these walls is taken to be constant. The viscous dissipation is taken into account in the energy equation. Assuming the slope of the boundary temperature to be small. We solve the governing momentum, energy and diffusion equations by a perturbation technique. The velocity, temperature, concentration and the rate of heat and mass transfer have been analyzed for different variations of the governing parameters. The dissipative effects on the flow, heat and mass transfer are clearly brought out. Keywords:  Chemical Reaction, Dissipation, Radiation absorption, Heat and mass transfer, Vertical channel

Variations in brachial plexus and the relationship of median nerve with the axillary artery: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Brachial Plexus innervates the upper limb. As it is the point of formation of many nerves, variations are common. Knowledge of these is important to anatomists, radiologists, anesthesiologists and surgeons. The presence of anatomical variations of the peripheral nervous system is often used to explain unexpected clinical signs and symptoms.</p> <p>Case Presentation</p> <p>On routine dissection of an embalmed 57 year old male cadaver, variations were found in the formation of divisions and cords of the Brachial Plexus of the right side. Some previously unreported findings observed were; direct branches to the muscles Pectoralis Minor and Latissimus dorsi from C6, innervation of deltoid by C6 and C7 roots and the origin of lateral pectoral nerve from the posterior division of upper trunk. The median nerve was present lateral to axillary artery. The left side brachial plexus was also inspected and found to have normal anatomy.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The probable cause for such variations and their embryological basis is discussed in the paper. It is also concluded that although these variations may not have affected the functioning of upper limb in this individual, knowledge of such variations is essential in evaluation of unexplained sensory and motor loss after trauma and surgical interventions to the upper limb.</p

Chorioangioma of Placenta: A Rare Placental Cause for Adverse Fetal Outcome

Chorioangioma is a benign angioma of placenta arising from chorionic tissue. Large chorioangioma has unfavourable effects on both mother and fetus. We describe a case with large chorioangioma that had a poor outcome on the fetus. We also reviewed the literature on prognostic factors affecting fetal outcome

Four Element Microstrip Antenna Array with Electromagnetic Band Gap Structure and Silver Material Deposition for Reduced Mutual Coupling

This paper presents the performance of four element microstrip antenna array. The overall bandwidth of the microstrip antenna array with silver material coating is equal to 228.53 % as compared to 75.91 % without silver material coating. The microstrip antenna array with silver material coating of 30 mm thickness is producing good reduction in mutual coupling values at the resonant frequency of 5.53 GHz. Moreover, the radiation properties of antenna array are improved with good reduction in power radiated in the undesired direction. FR-4 glass epoxy substrate is used as dielectric substrate which has a dielectric constant of 4.2 and loss tangent of 0.0245. The microstrip antenna arrays are designed using Mentor Graphics IE3D software and the measured results are obtained using vector network analyzer

Hennekam lymphangiectasia syndrome

Hennekam lymphangiectasia syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition. Onset is usually in childhood. The prevalence is unknown but less than 50 cases have been reported in the literature. Incidence is about 1 in 100000 and occurs in all ethnic groups. The syndrome is characterized by the association of lymphedema, intestinal lymphangiectasia, intellectual deficit and facial dysmorphism. Here is a case presented with distension of abdomen with ascites, bilateral pedal oedema, macrocephaly, left half facial edema, left half hypertrophied tongue, dental anomalies, acanthosis nigricans, acrochordons and syndactyly consistent with a diagnosis of Hennekam syndrome. The diagnosis of Hennekam is suspected on the basis of clinical phenotypic features. This is one of the very few cases reported from India

Prediction of Housing Price and Forest Cover Using Mosaics with Uncertain Satellite Imagery

The growing world is more expensive to estimate land use, road length, and forest cover using a plant-scaled ground monitoring system. Satellite imaging contains a significant amount of detailed uncertain information. Combining this with machine learning aids in the organization of these data and the estimation of each variable separately. The resources necessary to deploy Machine learning technologies for Remote sensing images, on the other hand, restrict their reach ability and application. Based on satellite observations which are notably underutilised in impoverished nations, while practical competence to implement SIML might be restricted. Encoded forms of images are shared across tasks, and they will be calculated and sent to an infinite number of researchers who can achieve top-tier SIML performance by training a regression analysis onto the actual data. By separating the duties, the proposed SIML solution, MOSAIKS, shapes SIML approachable and global. A Featurization stage turns remote sensing data into concise vector representations, and a regression step makes it possible to learn the correlations which are specific to its particular task which link the obtained characteristics to the set of uncertain data

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF IVABRADINE HYDROCHLORIDE FLOATING PULSATILE PELLETS BY FLUIDIZED BED COATING TECHNIQUE

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of the current work was to develop Ivabradine hydrochloride (HCl) floating pulsatile pellets containing drug loaded calciumalginate pellets coated with pH-dependent polymer Eudragit S100 oil dispersion.Methods: Fluidized bed coating technique was used to develop pellets. A 2factorial design was employed to study the effect of independent variables(inlet air temperature, spray rate), on dependent variables (% entrapment efficiency, % friability, and average particle size). Optimization was doneby fitting experimental data to the software program (Minitab). Obtained pellets were subjected to different evaluation parameters which are criticalin the development of the dosage form. An in vitro lag phase study was carried out for all batches in simulated gastric fluid (0.1N HCl) for 5 hrs andin vitro drug release study was carried out for optimized batch (B4) of two different sizes (10/12#, 12/16#) in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4phosphate buffer).2 Results: The optimized batch (B4) showed satisfactory % entrapment efficiency of 92.66±1.52; % friability of 0.57±0.03; and average particle sizeof 1424±16 (µm). All batches maintained lag phase for 5 hrs in 0.1N HCl. An optimized batch of two different sizes exhibited a burst release within30 minutes in simulated intestinal fluid with no significant difference in release rate constant (*p&gt;0.05) and followed first order kinetics.Conclusion: Thus, ivabradine HCl floating pulsatile pellets was successfully developed for treating angina pectoris which is an underlying cause ofheart attack by fluidized bed coating technique employing factorial design.Keywords: Ivabradine hydrochloride, Sodium alginate, Eudragit S100, Pellets, Fluidized bed coating, Optimization, Central composite desig