Alien Registration- Vangel, Elizabeth (Saco, York County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/3148/thumbnail.jp

Oxytocin does not mediate lithium chloride (LiCl)-induced non-social environmentally conditioned disgust behaviour (anticipatory nausea) in male rats

Introduction. Anticipatory Nausea (AN) is a form of classical conditioning in which the effects of a nausea-inducing substance, such as lithium chloride (LiCl), become associated with a social or environmental context. In rats, AN can be measured by the frequency of conditioned gaping behaviour, displayed when rats are re-exposed to a context previously associated with LiCl. Oxytocin (OT) may be involved in the mediation of socially conditioned disgust, though its role in mediating non-social environmentally conditioned disgust is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of OT in mediating environmentally conditioned disgust. It was hypothesized that for rats conditioned with LiCl in a novel context, administration of L-368 899 (OTX), an OT antagonist, prior to LiCl-free conditioning context re-exposure would significantly reduce the frequency of conditioned gaping behaviour compared to controls. Methods. 32 adult male Long-Evans rats were divided into 4 groups (NaCl-NaCl, NaCl-OTX, LiCl-NaCl, LiCl-OTX). LiCl (128mg/kg) or vehicle control (NaCl) was given during the four conditioning days. OTX (5mg/kg) or NaCl was given on the first extinction day while only NaCl (10ml/kg) was given on the second and third extinction days. Results. Contrary to the hypothesis, OTX did not significantly reduce the frequency of conditioned gaping behaviour compared to NaCl in LiCl-conditioned rats upon LiCl-free conditioning context re-exposure. Discussion. The results suggest that OT is not involved in the mediation of non-social environmentally conditioned disgust. This supports the contention that OT has little involvement in mediating responses to non-social environmental factors. Words: 248 Limit: 25

The preparation of a parents' information handbook for the elementary schools of Woonsocket, Rhode Island

Thesis (Ed.M)--Boston Universit

Employee Responses to Job Dissatisfaction

Over the past several years, high unemployment and limited job mobility prospects have kept voluntary employee turnover statistics relatively low. In more favorable job markets, dissatisfied employees are likely to leave undesirable work situations and move on to what they perceive will be more satisfying work relationships. In tight labor markets, dissatisfied employees often find that they are unable to leave dissatisfying jobs. This paper explores two questions pertaining to retention of dissatisfied employees. What can we expect, in terms of turnover, when the job market becomes more favorable to job seekers and how do dissatisfied employees who remain with employers respond behaviorally while continuing to work in a dissatisfying work environment

Alien Registration- Vangel, Nico (Saco, York County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/3149/thumbnail.jp

The effects of the aromatase inhibitor, Letrozole, on lithium chloride (LiCl)-induced conditioned disgust behaviour (anticipatory nausea) in male rats

Anticipatory Nausea (AN) is a form of classical conditioning in which the effects of a nausea-inducing toxin become associated with a specific environmental context. AN is often experienced by individuals receiving chemotherapy treatment, whereby the emetic effects of the chemotherapy agents become associated with the treatment context (i.e. hospital, clinic), such that exposure to the context alone can cause an individual to experience nausea and potentially withdraw from treatment. Chemotherapy-associated AN is suggested to have a higher incidence in females compared to males. AN can be represented in a rodent model (conditioned disgust) through the occurrence of conditioned gaping behaviour displayed upon re-exposure to a context previously paired with the nausea-inducing toxin lithium chloride (LiCl). The female-biased sex difference of AN is also found in rodents and is suggested to be related to the elevated levels of estrogen during the proestrous phase of the rodent estrous cycle. Estrogen is suggested to enhance the hippocampal-dependent spatial memory involved in the learning of AN. The enzyme aromatase is involved in the conversion of androgens to estrogens in estrogen-producing tissues of the body, including the gonads, brain and other organs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, on the learning of environmentally-conditioned disgust behaviour. It was hypothesized that for rats conditioned with LiCl in a novel context, daily administration of letrozole for 10 days prior to LiCl-free context re-exposure would significantly decrease the frequency of conditioned gaping behaviour compared to control groups. Twenty adult male Long-Evans rats received daily administrations of either letrozole (Let, 1 mg/kg, 10 ml/kg, i.p.) or the vehicle control (Veh, 0.9% NaCl, 5% Ethanol, 5% Tween-80, 10 ml/kg, i.p.) for 10 days. On days 2, 4, 6, and 8, rats were injected with either lithium chloride (LiCl, 128 mg/kg, 20 ml/kg, i.p.), or saline (0.9% NaCl, 20 ml/kg, i.p.) at a matched volume. Immediately after LiCl or NaCl administration, rats were placed in the conditioning context, a white, plexi-glass box, for 30 min while being video-recorded to later score the frequency of conditioned gaping behaviour. On day 10, rats were re-exposed to the conditioning context in a LiCl-free state for 30 min while being recorded. Ten days after re-exposure, rats received a 1 ml injection of saline (0.9% NaCl) as conditioning-cue prior to being placed in the context for 30 min while being recorded. Four experimental groups were established based on the drugs they received; Let-LiCl (n=8), Veh-LiCl (n=8), Let-NaCl (n=2), and Veh-NaCl (n=2). The frequency of conditioned gaping behaviour was scored for each day and analyzed using a univariate ANOVA analysis on SPSS. Compared to other groups, the Let-LiCl group displayed a greater frequency of gaping behaviour on day 6 (CND 3, p = 0.06), day 8 (CND 4, p = 0.246), day 10 (EXT, p = 0.323) and ten-day re-exposure (SR, p = 0.176). Contrary to the hypothesis it was found that letrozole administration did not significantly decrease the frequency of conditioned gaping behaviour compared to controls, but rather, resulted in a non-significant increase in conditioned gaping behaviour compared to other groups. Given the small sample size of NaCl controls, the results can be considered marginally significant, thus warranting further exploration into the effects of letrozole on conditioned disgust. Limitations of this study include the use of only one dose of letrozole, the small sample size of controls, and the lack of measurement of estrogen and testosterone levels

Deconstruction of the Sacred, Ontologies of Monstrosity: Apophatic Approaches in Late Modernist Cinema

In this dissertation I compare apophatic[i] approaches including those associated with Christian mysticism, early postmodern thought and the literature of Gothic monstrosity through their collective emergence in late-twentieth century modernist cinema. I identify confluences between these and related theoretical strains with regard to metaphysics, ontology, ethics and mimesis. The dissertation is structured around concepts relative to limit-experience including death’s impossibility, the gift and phenomenological excess culled from texts such as Jacques Derrida’s Donner la mort (1999), Emmanuel Levinas’ Totalité et Infini: Essai sur l\u27extériorité (1961), Maurice Blanchot’s L’écriture du désastre (1980), and Jean-Luc Marion’s De Surcroît: Études sur les phénomènes saturés (2001). After establishing connections between these texts and earlier works, including Denys’[ii] “Mystical Theology” (circa Fifth Century) and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: or, the Modern Prometheus (1818, revised in 1831), I provide close readings of late modernist films illustrative of this inheritance. I compare the manner in which films such as Georges Franju’s Les yeux sans visage (1959), Roberto Rossellini’s Europa ’51 (1952), Carl Dreyer’s Ordet (1956), Jean-Luc Godard’s Vivre sa vie (1962), Robert Bresson’s Le diable, probablement (1978) and R.W. Fassbinder’s Die Sehnsucht der Veronika Voss (1982) utilize singular formal strategies influenced by or reminiscent of those of the aforementioned sources to flout reductive tendencies inherent in representation, semiotics and visual reception. [i] William Franke, in his book Philosophy of the Unsayable (2014) describes the apophatic and negative theology as “a kind of perennial counter-philosophy to the philosophy of Logos” emphasizing “that what is not and even cannot be said is actually the basis for all that is said” (Franke, 1). “Negative theology is not so much a theology or a philosophy as a dimension inherent to thought – precisely what escapes it in all its forms, hence its formless, unformulatable ground” (296). [ii] While the primary figure associated with negative theology is often referred to as Denys in the Eastern Orthodox tradition, he is more commonly known in the West as Dionysius the Areopagite or Pseudo-Dionysius, for having appropriated the nom de plume of a judge reputedly converted by Paul in “Acts of the Apostles.” In this dissertation I compare apophatic[i] approaches including those associated with Christian mysticism, early postmodern thought and the literature of Gothic monstrosity through their collective emergence in late-twentieth century modernist cinema. I identify confluences between these and related theoretical strains with regard to metaphysics, ontology, ethics and mimesis. The dissertation is structured around concepts relative to limit-experience including death’s impossibility, the gift and phenomenological excess culled from texts such as Jacques Derrida’s Donner la mort (1999), Emmanuel Levinas’ Totalité et Infini: Essai sur l\u27extériorité (1961), Maurice Blanchot’s L’écriture du désastre (1980), and Jean-Luc Marion’s De Surcroît: Études sur les phénomènes saturés (2001). After establishing connections between these texts and earlier works, including Denys’[ii] “Mystical Theology” (circa Fifth Century) and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: or, the Modern Prometheus (1818, revised in 1831), I provide close readings of late modernist films illustrative of this inheritance. I compare the manner in which films such as Georges Franju’s Les yeux sans visage (1959), Roberto Rossellini’s Europa ’51 (1952), Carl Dreyer’s Ordet (1956), Jean-Luc Godard’s Vivre sa vie (1962), Robert Bresson’s Le diable, probablement (1978) and R.W. Fassbinder’s Die Sehnsucht der Veronika Voss (1982) utilize singular formal strategies influenced by or reminiscent of those of the aforementioned sources to flout reductive tendencies inherent in representation, semiotics and visual reception. [i] William Franke, in his book Philosophy of the Unsayable (2014) describes the apophatic and negative theology as “a kind of perennial counter-philosophy to the philosophy of Logos” emphasizing “that what is not and even cannot be said is actually the basis for all that is said” (Franke, 1). “Negative theology is not so much a theology or a philosophy as a dimension inherent to thought – precisely what escapes it in all its forms, hence its formless, unformulatable ground” (296). [ii] While the primary figure associated with negative theology is often referred to as Denys in the Eastern Orthodox tradition, he is more commonly known in the West as Dionysius the Areopagite or Pseudo-Dionysius, for having appropriated the nom de plume of a judge reputedly converted by Paul in “Acts of the Apostles.

Validation of an observational instrument for measuring role behavior in social work groups as one aspect of maturity

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Book Review: The Great Reset: How New Ways of Living and Working Drive Post-Crash Prosperity

Richard Florida’s The Great Reset: How New Ways of Living and Working Drive Post-Crash Prosperity is a sweeping yet brisk work that attempts to make sense of how America will remake itself in the wake of the Great Recession. Florida draws heavily on the experience of the Long Depression of the 1870s and the Great Depression to make a convincing case that recovery from a severe economic downturn involves fundamental societal, economic, and geographic transformation. He contends that we are now at the outset of a “Great Reset” that will produce new social and economic forms. A key component of this process is a new “spatial fix” whereby the built environment is reconstituted to better match nascent modes of living and working. In the late nineteenth century, the rise of factories and the industrial city represented this nexus, while in the mid-twentieth century it was embodied by the marriage of mass production and auto-dependent suburbs. In the coming decades, Florida perceives that the emergence of the creative economy will be facilitated by fostering better linkages between, and densifying, the cities that comprise megaregions