Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Centella asiatica extract in the cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Centella asiatica (CA) is a medicinal herb which has been valued in ayurvedic medicine for its different activities. In the present studies, CA methanolic extract was prepared by Soxhlet extraction and then evaluated for the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mitotic Index (MI) Cell Proliferation Kinetics (CPK) and Sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) were scored to measure the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the CA extract in cultures set up from the three different healthy donors. The treatment of the cell culture was done employing two different CA methanolic extract concentrations (500 & 1000 µg/ml) and the control (did not receive any additive). Our present studies revealed that the MI, CPK and SCES for control are 4.28, 0.49 and 6.08 respectively where as the CA extracts has the MI, CPK and SCES for 500µg/ml are 4.07, 0.47 and 5.84 respectively and for 1000 µg/ml are 3.96, 0.46 and 5.52 respectively. From the results, we can conclude that the MI and frequency of SCES of CA methanolic extracts are almost similar to that of control which indicates that the CA plant extracts has no significant cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Experimental and Modelling Studies for the Percentage Conversion of Nitrate from Steel Industry Effluent Using Membrane Separation Process

ABSTRACT: Nitrate salts are used widely in many areas as fertilizers in agriculture, explosives, oxidizing agents in the chemical industries, and as food preservatives especially to cure meats. If the range of nitrates increases in environment shows many dangerous and ill effects. Conversion of nitrate was needed. In this study TSS, TDS, BOD, COD and 93 % highest conversion of nitrate was found from the optimized conditions. The final form of the proposed model equation for the percentage conversion of nitrate was Ys=0.93(1-e -0.698t ). Where Y s = percentage conversion of nitrate and t= conversion time (hr).The model showed good agreement with experimental data by generating average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of about 0.92± 2.9% conversion of nitrate from steel industry effluent using membrane separation process

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON ZEPHYRANTHES CANDIDA: MEDICINAL HERB

Many herbal plants have the ability to synthesis a wide variety of chemical compounds that are used to perform important biological functions. Zephyranthes candida is a perennial herb grows in china used as traditional medicinal and ornamental plant species, belonging to Amaryllidaceae family. The present review attempts to encompass the upto date comprehensive literature analysis on Zephyranthes candida with respect to its phytochemistry and its various pharmacological activities.Key Words: Zephyranthes candida, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Amaryllidaceae, Anti-microbialÂ

Antimicrobial activity of Cinnamaldehyde from Methanolic extracts of Cinnamon on Klebsiella pneumoniae & Candida albicans

Cinnamaldehyde was extracted from cinnamon by steam distillation. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of Cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon bark has been evaluated against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. Methanolic extract of cinnamon was used. Methanol was the best solvent for Cinnamaldehyde. The inhibition zone for Klebsiella pneumonia was 10mm and for Candida albicans was 4mm. The solvent showed the zone of 3mm on Klebsiella pneumonia and no inhibition on Candida albicans. From the results it concludes that Cinnamaldehyde from Cinnamon species shows antimicrobial activity

Efficient removal of methyl orange using magnesium oxide nanoparticles loaded onto activated carbon

ABSTRACT. In this work, an activated carbon composite made with magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONP-AC) was effectively utilized for methyl orange (MO) adsorption. The effect of pH (6-10), mass of MgONP-AC (0.1-0.3 g/L), initial MO concentration (10-30 mg/L), and temperature (283-323 K) on MO removal was investigated using a central rotatable composite experimental design based on the response surface technique (RSM) at an equilibrium agitation period of 60 min. The studies predicted the optimal MO removal of 98.99% at pH 7.68, MgONP-AC dosage of 0.24 g/L, and starting MO concentration of 15 mg/L, and temperature of 313 K. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) was utilized to simulate MO adsorption, and it properly predicted MO removal using mean squared error (MSE) and R2 for the testing data. The ANN predicts a maximum removal of 99.63% with ANN with R2 = 0.9926. The kinetic results suited the pseudo-second order kinetic equation, and the data from the equilibrium investigations corresponded well with the Langmuir isotherm (maximum uptake capacity qmax = 346 mg/g). Endothermic, spontaneous, and physical adsorption were discovered during the thermodynamic investigations.   KEY WORDS: Adsorption, Artificial neural network, Experimental design, isotherms, Kinetics, Methyl orange, MgONP-AC   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(3), 531-544.                                                                DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i3.

Studies on Optimization of Process Parameters for Nattokinase Production by Bacillus subtilis NCIM 2724 and Purification by Liquid-Liquid Extraction

Abstract: Nattokinase (NK) is one such thrombolytic enzyme. Nattokinase is an enzyme with strong fibrinolytic activity that can be used for preventing thrombolytic diseases. It is a serine protease class of enzyme. Nattokinase finds its application in medical industry widely. It provides health benefits like cure of hemorrhoids, Diabetes, Muscle spasms, poor healing, chronic inflammation, help improve blood clotting mechanism, improve blood circulation, blood viscosity etc,. In the present study, fermented soya bean powder is used as substrate for nattokinase production and the optimized parameters like incubation time-24hrs, inoculum volume-1ml, inoculum age-4 th day and pH-7.5 that effect the production are optimized and the crude enzyme obtained was purified by using 2-phase liquid extraction technique

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF ZEPHYRANTHES CANDIDA

Objective: To evaluate the anti-bacterial activity. Methods: Zephyranthes candida is a perennial herb, used as folk medicine in many countries. In the present study antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of Z. candida leaves was evaluated against Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aereus and Enterobacter aerogenes bacterial strains by Agar well diffusion method. Methanol was used as control for this study. Results: The inhibition zones for bacterial strains were found to be 0 mm, 3 mm, 8.5 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm and 7 mm respectively. Conclusion: From the outcomes of this study Z. candida shows antibacterial activity.Key words: Zephyranthes candida, methanolic extract, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aereus, Enterobacter aerogene

Copper-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for Adsorptive Removal of Toxic Azo Dye

The goal of this research was to employ copper-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Cu/ZnONPs) as an adsorbent to remove the potentially toxic azo dye Congo red (CR). The Cu/ZnONPs were made using a chemical coprecipitation method, and their characteristics were examined using XRD, SEM, EDS, and FTIR methods. The response surface methodology (RSM) central composite design (CCD) is used to optimize the operational parameters’ agitation time, adsorbent dosage, solution pH, and initial concentration of CR solution during the adsorption process. The agitation period of 29.48 min, the Cu/ZnONP dosage of 0.301 g/L, the solution pH of 6.96, and the CR initial concentration of 90 mg/L resulted in a maximum CR adsorption of 94.14% and a desirability of 0.976. The kinetic findings fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, and the equilibrium data agreed with the Langmuir isotherm (maximum uptake capacity qmax = 250 mg/g). During the thermodynamic experiments, endothermic, spontaneous, and physical adsorptions were observed

Experimental studies and Development of Modelling equation of Quercetin from Pine apple peel using Soxhlet Extractor

ABSTRACT: Quercetin is a flavonoid widely distributed in nature. It is rich in foods including fruits, vegetables, leaves and grains. It has been used in medicine to control the capillary fragility and blood breeding. It shows pharmacological activities like anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activities etc. The present study was intended for the optimization of extraction of Quercetin from pine apple peel and its various physicochemical parameters have been studied. For the extraction of Quercetin the optimum results were observed for the effect of different solvents, soaking time, different solvent percentages, effect of pH, different volumes of hexane with methanol as solvent, extraction time with hexane were methanol, 1day, 80% (v/v), 7.0, 1:1 ratio and 1hr respectively. The highest Quercetin concentration for optimized condition was 37μg/ml. Methanol was found to be the best solvent for the extraction of Quercetin from pineapple peel by soxhlet extractor. It was carried out for 90 min and an optimum concentration obtained at 50 min with a concentration of 50µg/ml .This Solvent extraction using soxhlet extractor was conduct to verify the mathematical model proposed in this work. The final form of proposed models were E(t) = At 2 +Bt+C Where A,B&C are constants,E s =yield extract(µg/ml of quercetin) and t=extraction time(min). The final form of proposed equation is E (t)= -0.018t 2 +1.591t with R 2 =0.894