The 17D-204 and 17DD yellow fever vaccines: an overview of major similarities and subtle differences

Introduction: The yellow fever vaccine is a live attenuated virus vaccine that is considered one of the most efficient vaccines produced to date. The original 17D strain generated the substrains 17D-204 and 17DD, which are used for the current production of vaccines against yellow fever. The 17D-204 and 17DD substrains present subtle differences in their nucleotide compositions, which can potentially lead to variations in immunogenicity and reactogenicity. We will address the main changes in the immune responses induced by the 17D-204 and 17DD yellow fever vaccines and report similarities and differences between these vaccines in cellular and humoral immunity . This is a relevant issue in view of the re-emergence of yellow fever in Uganda in 2016 and in Brazil in the beginning of 2017. Areas covered: This article will be divided into 8 sections that will analyze the innate immune response, adaptive immune response, humoral response, production of cytokines, immunity in children, immunity in the elderly, gene expression and adverse reactions. Expert commentary: The 17D-204 and 17DD yellow fever vaccines present similar immunogenicity, with strong activation of the cellular and humoral immune responses. Additionally, both vaccines have similar adverse effects, which are mostly mild and thus are considered safe

Impact of synthetic and biological immunomodulatory therapy on the duration of 17DD yellow fever vaccine-induced immunity in rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract Background The 17DD-yellow fever (YF) vaccine induces a long-lasting protective immunity, resulting from humoral and cellular immunological memory. The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD) may affect pre-existing 17DD-vaccine protective immunity and increase the risk of acquiring YF infection. Our goal was to determine whether DMARD would affect the duration of YF-specific protective immunity in RA patients. Methods A total of 122 RA patients, previously immunized with the 17DD-YF vaccine (1–5, 5–9, and ≥ 10 years) and currently under DMARD therapy, were enrolled in the present investigation. Immunomodulatory therapy encompasses the use of conventional synthetic DMARD alone (csDMARD) or combines with biological DMARD (cs+bDMARD). A total of 226 healthy subjects were recruited as a control group (CONT). Neutralizing antibody responses were measured by a plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT), and cellular immunity was evaluated by an in vitro 17DD-YF-specific peripheral blood lymphoproliferative assay. Results The data demonstrated that csDMARD therapy did not affect the duration of protective immunity induced by the 17DD-YF vaccine compared to that of CONT, as both presented a significant time-dependent decline at 10 years after vaccination. Conversely, cs+bDMARD therapy induced a premature depletion in the main determinants of the vaccine protective response, with diminished PRNT seropositivity levels between 5 and 9 years and impaired effector memory in CD8+ T cells as early as 1–5 years after 17DD-YF vaccination. Conclusions These findings could support changing the vaccination schedule of this population, with the possibility of a planned booster dose upon the suspension of bDMARD in cases where this is allowed, even before 10 years following 17DD-YF vaccination. The benefit of a planned booster dose should be evaluated in further studies. Trial registration RBR-946bv5. Date of registration: March 05, 2018. Retrospectively registere

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2019-08-29T13:45:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 17DD Yellow Fever Revaccination .pdf: 1335209 bytes, checksum: 7ab0df367d542e9e0b0d0acf6363a5d8 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2019-08-29T13:53:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 17DD Yellow Fever Revaccination .pdf: 1335209 bytes, checksum: 7ab0df367d542e9e0b0d0acf6363a5d8 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-29T13:53:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 17DD Yellow Fever Revaccination .pdf: 1335209 bytes, checksum: 7ab0df367d542e9e0b0d0acf6363a5d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte. Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Estado de Minas Gerais. Secretaria de Saúde. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos . Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos . Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos . Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos . Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos . Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Alfenas. Alfenas, MG, Brasil.Universidade de Brasília. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.We evaluated the duration of neutralizing antibodies and the status of 17DD vaccine–specific T- and B-cell memory following primary and revaccination regimens for yellow fever (YF) in Brazil. We observed progressive decline of plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT) seropositivity and of the levels of effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as interferon-γ+CD8+ T cells, 10 years after primary vaccination. Revaccination restored PRNT seropositivity as well as the levels of effector memory CD4+, CD8+, and interferon-γ+CD8+ T cells. Moreover, secondary or multiple vaccinations guarantee long-term persistence of PRNT positivity and cell-mediated memory 10 years after booster vaccination. These findings support the relevance of booster doses to heighten the 17DD-YF–specific immune response to guarantee the long-term persistence of memory components. Secondary or multiple vaccinations improved the correlates of protection triggered by 17DD-YF primary vaccination, indicating that booster regimens are needed to achieve efficient immunity in areas with high risk for virus transmission