Growth Hormone Improves Growth Retardation Induced by Rapamycin without Blocking Its Antiproliferative and Antiangiogenic Effects on Rat Growth Plate

Rapamycin, an immunosuppressant agent used in renal transplantation with antitumoral properties, has been reported to impair longitudinal growth in young individuals. As growth hormone (GH) can be used to treat growth retardation in transplanted children, we aimed this study to find out the effect of GH therapy in a model of young rat with growth retardation induced by rapamycin administration. Three groups of 4-week-old rats treated with vehicle (C), daily injections of rapamycin alone (RAPA) or in combination with GH (RGH) at pharmacological doses for 1 week were compared. GH treatment caused a 20% increase in both growth velocity and body length in RGH animals when compared with RAPA group. GH treatment did not increase circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor I, a systemic mediator of GH actions. Instead, GH promoted the maturation and hypertrophy of growth plate chondrocytes, an effect likely related to AKT and ERK1/2 mediated inactivation of GSK3β, increase of glycogen deposits and stabilization of β-catenin. Interestingly, GH did not interfere with the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities of rapamycin in the growth plate and did not cause changes in chondrocyte autophagy markers. In summary, these findings indicate that GH administration improves longitudinal growth in rapamycin-treated rats by specifically acting on the process of growth plate chondrocyte hypertrophy but not by counteracting the effects of rapamycin on proliferation and angiogenesis

Benefits of Delayed Cord Clamping

The purpose of this research is to highlight the benefits of delayed cord clamping in full term infants and determine whether there are drawbacks to this procedure. Three evidence based practice articles discuss clinical trials that were conducted to support the advantages that it can have on infants at birth, 4 months and 4 years. There is also a proposed new policy for a facility that uses mainly immediate CC and ways to educate staff so that they are competent and compliant to this policy

Privada vs. comunal, la pelea de San Juan Tlacotenco y el uso actual del título primordial de Tepoztlán como reflejo del problema nacional de la propiedad de la tierra

Tesis para obtener el grado de Licenciatura en Etnohistori