Histomorphometric parameters of LN patients and controls.

<p>Legend: Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, median (25–75 IQR). Trabecular volume (BV/TV) (%); trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (µm); trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) (µm); trabecular number (Tb.N) (/mm); osteoid volume (OV/BV) (%); osteoblast surface (Ob.S/BS) (%); osteoid thickness (O.Th) (µm); osteoid surface (OS/BS) (%); mineralizing surface (MS/BS) (%); mineral apposition rate (MAR) (µm/day); bone formation rate (BFR/BS) (µm³/µm²/day); mineralization lag time (MLT) (days); eroded surface (ES/BS) (%); osteoclast surface (Oc.S/BS) (%).</p><p>Histomorphometric parameters of LN patients and controls.</p

Clinical, biochemical and histological characteristics of lupus nephritis patients.

<p>Legend: SLEDAI (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index); GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate estimated by the MDRD simplified formula); 25(OH)D (25-hydroxyvitamin D₃); PTH (parathyroid hormone).</p><p>Clinical, biochemical and histological characteristics of lupus nephritis patients.</p

Linear regression models on Log Urinary MCP1 levels.

<p>Legend: 25(OH)D (25-hydroxyvitamin D₃); GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate estimated by the MDRD simplified formula).</p><p>Linear regression models on Log Urinary MCP1 levels.</p

Clinical and biochemical features of lupus nephritis patients and controls.

<p>Legend: Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, median (25–75 IQR) or n/%. GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate estimated by the MDRD simplified formula); 25(OH)D (25-hydroxyvitamin D₃); MCP1 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1); IL-6 (Interleukin 6); TNFα (Tumor Necrosis Factor α).</p><p>Clinical and biochemical features of lupus nephritis patients and controls.</p

Correlation between 25(OH)D levels and inflammatory markers.

<p>Legend: The box contains Spearman’s correlation coefficient and <i>p</i> value. Green diamonds and red circles represent controls and LN patients, respectively.</p

Immunohistochemistry for OPG and RANKL in bone biopsies.

<p>Legend: Positive staining appears as brown color (X200). LN patients presented a significantly lower immunostaining for OPG (A) when compared to controls (B). A stronger labeling for RANKL in osteocytes was observed in LN patients (C) when compared to healthy subjects (D).</p

Percentage of low or normal BV/TV on biopsy according to presence or absence of MetS.

<p>Percentage of low or normal BV/TV on biopsy according to presence or absence of MetS.</p

Renal osteodystrophy in the obesity era: Is metabolic syndrome relevant?

<div><p>Background</p><p>Observational studies have shown a beneficial effect of obesity on bone health; however, most of those studies were not based on bone biopsies. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) could have an effect on bone remodeling. However, there are no data on the effects of MetS in the presence of renal osteodystrophy.</p><p>Objective</p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate associations between MetS and renal osteodystrophy using the bone histomorphometric turnover-mineralization-volume (TMV) classification.</p><p>Design, setting, participants & measurements</p><p>This observational cross-sectional study included 55 hemodialysis patients (28 women/27 men) who were evaluated for MetS and bone histomorphometry. Biochemical parameters included calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, free serum leptin, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), intact osteocalcin, sclerostin (Scl), glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormones. Robust models of multivariate linear regressions were used for the statistical analyses.</p><p>Results</p><p>Females had higher iPTH levels (1,143 <i>vs</i>. 358, p = 0.02). Patients with normal bone volume (BV/TV) had a higher prevalence of MetS (73.6% <i>vs</i>. 41.7%, p = 0.02) and higher serum phosphorus, C-terminal FGF23 and insulin levels. The multivariate regression analysis showed that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) was positively correlated with bone formation rate (BFR/BS) and negatively associated with mineralization lag time. Bone volume was negatively associated with age but positively associated with MetS. Body mass index (BMI) was not correlated with any of the bone histomorphometric parameters.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our results suggest that MetS is not a risk factor for low bone volume in hemodialysis patients. Furthermore, BMI alone was not related to bone volume in this population.</p></div

Characteristics of the population distributed according to the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.

<p>Characteristics of the population distributed according to the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.</p

Characteristics of the population distributed according to bone volume.

<p>Characteristics of the population distributed according to bone volume.</p