Development of burnout over time and the causal order of the three dimensions of burnout among male and female GPs. A three-wave panel study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A good understanding of the aetiology and development of burnout facilitates its early recognition, prevention and treatment. Since the prevalence and onset of this health problem is thought to differ between men and women, sex must be taken into account. This study aims to assess the prevalence and development of burnout among General Practitioners (GPs). In this population the prevalence of burnout is high.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We performed a three-wave longitudinal study (2002, 2004, 2006) in a random sample of Dutch GPs. Data were collected by means of self-report questionnaires including the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Our final sample consisted of 212 GPs of which 128 were male. Data were analyzed by means of SPSS and LISREL.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Results indicate that about 20% of the GPs is clinically burned out (but still working). For both sexes, burnout decreased after the first wave, but increased again after the second wave. The prevalence of depersonalization is higher among men. With regard to the process of burnout we found that for men burnout is triggered by depersonalization and by emotional exhaustion for women.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>As regards the developmental process of burnout, we found evidence for the fact that the aetiological process of burnout, that is the causal order of the three burnout dimensions, differs between men and women. These sex differences should be taken into account in vocational training and policy development, especially since general practice is feminizing rapidly.</p

Public health forecast for primary care in the Netherlands in 2020

This report concerns the future of primary health care in the Netherlands. With the year 2020 as time horizon, we present perspectives on demand, supply and the organization of primary care. How many caregivers will be needed, and what will the organization look like? The report offers a wealth of information about current and future primary care. Due to the many facts and figures, this report not only gives a forecast, it is also a useful reference work for everyone who is involved in primary health care. In the autumn of 2004, the Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports and the parties in the field declared themselves in favor of a 'reinforcement of primary health care' as a common ambition. This study intends to provide a contribution to this goal. The report is the result of a joint project of the Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL) and the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), and it is part of the series of Public Health Status and Forecasting 2006.Dit themarapport gaat over de toekomst van de eerstelijnsgezondheidszorg in Nederland. Met het jaar 2020 als tijdshorizon worden verkenningen gepresenteerd over de zorgvraag, het zorgaanbod en de organisatie van de eerste lijn. Daarmee wordt zichtbaar welke zorgvragen in 2020 op de eerste lijn afkomen, hoeveel hulpverleners daarvoor nodig zijn en hoe de organisatie eruit kan zien. Mogelijke organisatieveranderingen worden steeds bezien vanuit de wetenschappelijke evidentie die er voor de effecten bestaat. Het rapport biedt een schat aan informatie over de huidige en toekomstige eerstelijnszorg. Door de vele feiten en cijfers is het rapport - behalve een toekomstverkenning - een nuttig naslagwerk voor allen die bij de eerstelijnszorg betrokken zijn. De veldpartijen en het Ministerie van VWS hebben zich in het najaar van 2004 uitgesproken voor 'versterking van de eerstelijnsgezondheidszorg' als een gezamenlijke ambitie. Deze studie beoogt daaraan een bijdrage te leveren. Dit rapport is het resultaat van een samenwerkingsproject van het NIVEL en het RIVM, en maakt deel uit van de reeks Volksgezondheid Toekomst Verkenningen 2006