Alfons Dipenbrok i svet kompozitora fin-de-siècle-a

The article consists of three parts. In the first part the author gives a survey of the large artistic renewal that took place in the Netherlands around 1900. Special attention is given to "de beweging van Tachtig" (the movement of the "Tachtigers"), a renewal movement in literature in which the composer Alphons Diepenbrock was involved. In the second part a short description of the life and work of this most important Dutch composer of the end of the nineteenth century is given. In his early years Diepenbrock orientated himself to composers like Wagner, especially around the First World War (in which the Netherlands remained a neutral country), and he became a fervent admirer of French art. His music is a unique synthesis of Wagner's chromaticism, the word-bound rhythms of plain-chant and the polyphonic music of the old Flemish schools of Ockeghem and Josquin. In the third part the author deals with a couple of Diepenbrock's (artistic) contacts. There are highlights on Mahler, Schönberg and Debussy, primarily based on their correspondence.Poslednje dve decenije 19. veka u Holandiji bile su obeležene novim procvatom kulture i umetnosti. Istaknuto mesto u umetničkom životu je zauzimala grupa umetnika okupljena oko "Beweging van Tachtig" na amsterdamskom univerzitetu. Ovi umetnici, među kojima je jedini muzičar bio Alfons Dipenbrok (1862-1921) suprotstavljali su se starijoj generaciji romantičara i okretali se idejama l'art-pour-l'art-a. Dipenbrok potiče iz pobožne katoličke porodice. Završio je studije klasičnih jezika, dok je u muzici bio skoro samouk. Većina njegovih dela je vokalna. Težio je sintezi vagnerovske hromatizacije i polifonije Đ. P. Palestrine i J. S. Baha. Njegovo prvo zapaženo delo bila je Missa in die festo (1895) za tenor, osmoglasni muški hor i orgulje. Tokom vremena sve više ga je privlačio svetao latinski svet kompozitora kao što je K. Debisi, što se ogleda u nekim njegovim delima, na primer muzici za komad Marsijas (1910). Sačuvana je Dipenbrokova korespondencija sa G. Malerom i A. Šenbergom. Sa Malerom se upoznao 1903. godine a svaki njihov kasniji susret bio je prilika da se prijateljstvo potvrdi. Godine 1910. Dipenbrok je u Amsterdamu dirigovao Malerovim delom koje je naročito voleo - IV simfonijom. Bio je na Malerovoj sahrani u Beču sledeće godine. Godine 1912. Dipenbrok je upoznao A. Šenberga koji je došao u Amsterdam da bi izveo svoju simfonijsku poemu Peleas i Melizanda. Iz dnevnika Dipenbrokove žene mogu se saznati detalji o razgovorima koje su vodili, posebno o Maleru. Šenbergu se dopao Dipenbrokov Te Deum, pa je odmah pisao F. Šrekeru da bi ga zamolio da se angažuje oko izvođenja ovog dela u Beču. Međutim, do realizacije te ideje nije nikada došlo, što je Dipenbrok prokomentarisao na svoj karakteristično skroman način u pismu Šenbergu od 8. januara 1913. godine, u kojem se pita da li će ikada ući u krug muzičkih heroja. Ostalo je i pisano svedočanstvo o Šenbergovoj poseti Dipenbroku u martu 1914. godine, kada njihovom razgovoru nisu mogli da prisustvuju tada još sasvim mladi A. Berg i A. Vebern, koji su morali da ostanu pred vratima kuće

Epidemiology, Prehospital Characteristics and Outcomes of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in The Netherlands:The BRAIN-PROTECT Study

Objective: A thorough understanding of the epidemiology, patient characteristics, trauma mechanisms, and current outcomes among patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is important as it may inform potential strategies to improve prehospital emergency care. The aim of this study is to describe the prehospital epidemiology, characteristics and outcome of (suspected) severe TBI in the Netherlands. Methods: The BRAIN-PROTECT study is a prospective observational study on prehospital management of patients with severe TBI in the Netherlands. The study population comprised all consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of TBI and a prehospital GCS score ≤ 8, who were managed by one of the 4 Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS). Patients were followed-up in 9 trauma centers until 1 year after injury. Planned sub-analyses were performed for patients with “confirmed” and “isolated” TBI. Results: Data from 2,589 patients, of whom 2,117 (81.8%) were transferred to a participating trauma center, were analyzed. The incidence rate of prehospitally suspected and confirmed severe TBI were 3.2 (95% CI: 3.1;3.4) and 2.7 (95% CI: 2.5;2.8) per 100,000 inhabitants per year, respectively. Median patient age was 46 years, 58.4% were involved in traffic crashes, of which 37.4% were bicycle related. 47.6% presented with an initial GCS of 3. The median time from HEMS dispatch to hospital arrival was 54 minutes. The overall 30-day mortality was 39.0% (95% CI: 36.8;41.2). Conclusion: This article summarizes the prehospital epidemiology, characteristics and outcome of severe TBI in the Netherlands, and highlights areas in which primary prevention and prehospital care can be improved

Epidemiology, Prehospital Characteristics and Outcomes of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in The Netherlands: The BRAIN-PROTECT Study

Objective: A thorough understanding of the epidemiology, patient characteristics, trauma mechanisms, and current outcomes among patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is important as it may inform potential strategies to improve prehospital emergency care. The aim of this study is to describe the prehospital epidemiology, characteristics and outcome of (suspected) severe TBI in the Netherlands. Methods: The BRAIN-PROTECT study is a prospective observational study on prehospital management of patients with severe TBI in the Netherlands. The study population comprised all consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of TBI and a prehospital GCS score ≤ 8, who were managed by one of the 4 Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS). Patients were followed-up in 9 trauma centers until 1 year after injury. Planned sub-analyses were performed for patients with “confirmed” and “isolated” TBI. Results: Data from 2,589 patients, of whom 2,117 (81.8%) were transferred to a participating trauma center, were analyzed. The incidence rate of prehospitally suspected and confirmed severe TBI were 3.2 (95% CI: 3.1;3.4) and 2.7 (95% CI: 2.5;2.8) per 100,000 inhabitants per year, respectively. Median patient age was 46 years, 58.4% were involved in traffic crashes, of which 37.4% were bicycle related. 47.6% presented with an initial GCS of 3. The median time from HEMS dispatch to hospital arrival was 54 minutes. The overall 30-day mortality was 39.0% (95% CI: 36.8;41.2). Conclusion: This article summarizes the prehospital epidemiology, characteristics and outcome of severe TBI in the Netherlands, and highlights areas in which primary prevention and prehospital care can be improved

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Detection and localization of early- and late-stage cancers using platelet RNA

Cancer patients benefit from early tumor detection since treatment outcomes are more favorable for less advanced cancers. Platelets are involved in cancer progression and are considered a promising biosource for cancer detection, as they alter their RNA content upon local and systemic cues. We show that tumor-educated platelet (TEP) RNA-based blood tests enable the detection of 18 cancer types. With 99% specificity in asymptomatic controls, thromboSeq correctly detected the presence of cancer in two-thirds of 1,096 blood samples from stage I–IV cancer patients and in half of 352 stage I–III tumors. Symptomatic controls, including inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, and benign tumors had increased false-positive test results with an average specificity of 78%. Moreover, thromboSeq determined the tumor site of origin in five different tumor types correctly in over 80% of the cancer patients. These results highlight the potential properties of TEP-derived RNA panels to supplement current approaches for blood-based cancer screening

Chromosomal contacts connect loci associated with autism, BMI and head circumference phenotypes

Copy number variants (CNVs) are major contributors to genomic imbalance disorders. Phenotyping of 137 unrelated deletion and reciprocal duplication carriers of the distal 16p11.2 220 kb BP2-BP3 interval showed that these rearrangements are associated with autism spectrum disorders and mirror phenotypes of obesity/underweight and macrocephaly/microcephaly. Such phenotypes were previously associated with rearrangements of the non-overlapping proximal 16p11.2 600 kb BP4-BP5 interval. These two CNV-prone regions at 16p11.2 are reciprocally engaged in complex chromatin looping, as successfully confirmed by 4C-seq, fluorescence in situ hybridization and Hi-C, as well as coordinated expression and regulation of encompassed genes. We observed that genes differentially expressed in 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 CNV carriers are concomitantly modified in their chromatin interactions, suggesting that disruption of chromatin interplays could participate in the observed phenotypes. We also identified cis- and trans-acting chromatin contacts to other genomic regions previously associated with analogous phenotypes. For example, we uncovered that individuals with reciprocal rearrangements of the trans-contacted 2p15 locus similarly display mirror phenotypes on head circumference and weight. Our results indicate that chromosomal contacts’ maps could uncover functionally and clinically related genes.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 31 May 2016; doi:10.1038/mp.2016.84

Sur le nom et la personnalité des dieux dans les religions primitives

Van der Leeuw Gerard. Sur le nom et la personnalité des dieux dans les religions primitives. In: Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses, 11e année n°3, Mai-juin 1931. pp. 241-255

La structure de la mentalité primitive

Van der Leeuw Gerard. La structure de la mentalité primitive. In: Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses, 8e année n°1, Janvier-février 1928. pp. 1-31

À propos de récentes études sur la structure de la mentalité primitive

Van der Leeuw Gerard. À propos de récentes études sur la structure de la mentalité primitive. In: Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses, 8e année n°2, Mars-avril 1928. pp. 149-161

Phénoménologie de l'âme

Van der Leeuw Gerard. Phénoménologie de l'âme. In: Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses, 10e année n°1, Janvier-février 1930. pp. 1-23