EU enlargements and fisheries: A legal analysis. Steps towards the re-nationalisation of EC Maritime Waters

The 2004 enlargement negotiations smoothly tackled the European Common Fisheries Policy. The reason is mainly to be found in the geographical transformation of ocean governance. The provisions regulating ‘who should fish what and where’, underwent a substantial change by means of temporal derogations. On the one hand the equal access principle eroded, as fishing in waters within 12 miles off the baselines - where most commercial fish stock are situated - became reserved towards the nationals of the coastal State. On the other hand the competence to adopt conservation measures has followed this geographical appropriation of fishing grounds, as the exclusive Community competence in this field is pushed out beyond the coastal waters. A return to the original provisions seems utopian, as evidenced again by the outcome of the 2004 enlargement negotiations. This paper analyses the process which led towards the re-nationalisation of EU maritime waters

N\'eel and Spin-Peierls ground states of two-dimensional SU(N) quantum antiferromagnets

The two-dimensional SU(N) quantum antiferromagnet, a generalization of the quantum Heisenberg model, is investigated by quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The ground state for $N\le 4$ is found to be of the N\'eel type with broken SU(N) symmetry, whereas it is of the Spin-Peierls type for $N\ge 5$ with broken lattice translational invariance. No intermediate spin-liquid phase was observed in contrast to previous numerical simulations on smaller lattices [Santoro et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 83} 3065 (1999)].Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Effects of non-local exchange on core level shifts for gas-phase and adsorbed molecules

Density functional theory calculations are often used to interpret experimental shifts in core level binding energies. Calculations based on gradient-corrected (GC) exchange-correlation functionals are known to reproduce measured core level shifts (CLS) of isolated molecules and metal surfaces with reasonable accuracy. In the present study, we discuss a series of examples where the shifts calculated within a GC-functional significantly deviate from the experimental values, namely the CLS of C 1s in ethyl trifluoroacetate, Pd 3d in PdO and the O 1s shift for CO adsorbed on PdO(101). The deviations are traced to effects of the electronic self-interaction error with GC-functionals and substantially better agreements between calculated and measured CLS are obtained when a fraction of exact exchange is used in the exchange-correlation functional